Essay on All Quiet on the Western Front -- All Quiet on the Western Fr

entirely(a) Quiet on the westerly Front Erich Maria Remarques literary breakthrough, All Quiet on the Western Front, describes two stories. It meticulously chronicles the thoughts of a soldier in World War I while simultaneously detailing the horrors of all wars each tale is not only a separate experience for the soldier, but is also a new representation of the fighting. The war is seen through the eye of Paul Baumer whose mindset is far better developed in comparison to his comrades. His true purpose in the novel is not to serve as a representation of the common soldier, but to take on a godly and omniscient role so that he may serve as the confederacy between WWI and all past and future melees of the kind. Baumer becomes the representation of all hands, and, through him, the reader comes to see the true essence of such a human struggle. though the novel introduces the reader to a seasoned soldier in the German army, its tale of war begins even before enlistment. The soldiers b ellies are full phase of the moon with beef and haricot beans their hearts are full of happiness. The cook, or ones parents, spoonsout a great dollop, or provides for their needs (1). Before enlistment, the mens futures were good and certain each man had a mess tin full for the evening (1). Though sheltered, the men were satisfied and at relaxation(1). Shortly after these introductory passages, Baumer expresses his disdain for this prior life, suggesting that the soldiers present paradigms are the only views that are reliable our generation is more to be trusted than the senior(a) generation (12). However, though these men have been alerted to the ways of the world, these revelations visibly corrupt them for within their soul (under their nails) lies the... ...ar-mongering patriots, it sympathizes with mankind. The tale never deviates from this antiwar thesis, ingeniously allowing the everyday person to take hold of the stupidity of the bloodshed pervading world history. There is no real group designated as an enemy since the true culprit of wartime horror is war itself. Though this dovish statement is made quite epigrammatically, it takes the reader until the end of the novel to understand the true power of such an idea. In the last few lines, the inner engagement one fights in a war is linked to the inner battle we fight with life itself. No matter how hard we try, so long as it is there, life will seek its own way out, heedless of the will that is within (295). It is the human plight to unconsciously fight for survival. All Quiet on the Western Front suggests that there are cases where surviving is another form of death.

Spontaneous Generation :: essays research papers

From the time of the Ancient Romans, through the Middle Ages, and until the late nineteenth century, it was generally accepted that life arose spontaneously from non-living matter. Such "spontaneous times" appeared to occur primarily in decaying matter. For example, a seventeenth century idea for the spontaneous propagation of mice required placing sweaty underwear and husks of wheat in an open-mouthed jar. Then, waiting for about 21 days, during which time it was said that the sweat from the underwear would penetrate the husks of wheat, changing them into mice. Although that idea whitethorn seem ridiculous today, that and other ideas like it were believed and accepted during that time, which was not too long ago.The first serious attack on the idea of spontaneous generation was made in 1668 by Francesco Redi, an Italian physician and poet. At that time, it was thought that maggots arose spontaneously in rotting meat. Redi believed that maggots developed from eggs laid by move after observing that they had different developmental stages.. To test his hypothesis, he set out meat in a variety of flasks, rough open to the air, some sealed completely, and others covered with gauze. As he had expected, maggots appeared only in the open flasks in which the flies could reach the meat and lay their eggs. This was one of the first examples of an taste in which controls are used. In spite of his well-executed experiment, the belief in spontaneous generation remained strong, and even Redi continued to believe it occurred under some circumstances. The invention of the microscope boost this silly belief. Microscopes revealed a whole new world of organisms that appeared to arise spontaneously. It was quickly learned that to create "animalcules," as the organisms were called, you needed only to place hay in water and wait a few days onwards examining your new creations under the microscope. The debate over spontaneous generation continued for centurie s. In 1745, lavatory Needham, an English clergyman, proposed what he considered the definitive experiment. Everyone knew that boiling killed microorganisms, so he proposed to test whether or not microorganisms appeared spontaneously after boiling. He boiled chicken broth, entrap it into a flask, sealed it, and waited - sure enough, microorganisms grew. Needham claimed victory for spontaneous generation. An Italian priest, Lazzaro Spallanzani, was not convinced, and he suggested that perhaps the microorganisms had entered the broth from the air after the broth was boiled, but before it was sealed.

Biography of Richard Millhouse Nixon Essay -- American Presidents Biog

Biography of Richard Millhouse NixonRichard Millhouse Nixon, 37th president of the United States (1969-1972) was born on January 9, 1913 in Yorba Linda, California. Nixon was one of the most controversial politicians of the twentieth century. He built his political career on the communist scare of the late forties and early fifties, but as president he achieved dtente with the Soviet Union and opened relations with the Peoples Republic of China. His administration occurred during the domestic upheavals brought on by the civil rights movement and the Vietnam contend. He was re-elected in 1972 by an overwhelming margin, but less than two years later, he was pressure to become the first man to resign the presidency amid the scandal and shame of Watergate. He staged a difficult political comeback in 1968, after purportedly retiring from politics, and by the end of his life, he had shed some of the desert of Watergate and was again a respected elder statesman, largely because of his re cord on foreign policy. He died on February 22, 1994. His writings include three autobiographical works, hexad Crises (1962), RN the Memoirs of Richard Nixon (1978), and In the Arena (1990). Early Political CareerNixon came from a southern-California Quaker family, where hard work and integrity were deeply rooted and heavily emphasized. forever a good student, he was invited by Harvard and Yale to apply for scholarships, but his older brothers illness and the Depression made his presence close to home necessary, and he was accompanied nearby Whittier College, where he graduated second in his class in 1934. He went on to law school at Duke University, where his seriousness and determination won him the nickname Gloomy Gus. He graduated third in his class and applied for jobs with both large Northeastern law firms and the FBI His applications were all rejected, however, and he was forced to go home to southern California, where his mother servinged get him a job at a friends local law firm. At the outbreak of World War Two, Nixon went to work briefly for the tire-rationing section the Office of Price Administration in Washington, DC, and eight months later, he joined the Navy and was sent to the Pacific as a supply officer. He was popular with his men, and such an accomplished poker player that he was able to send enough of his comrades-in-arms money back home to help fund his fir... ...he man he had appointed to replace Spiro Agnew as Vice-President. Soon after taking office Ford granted Nixon a pardon for every crimes he might have committed as president. Unlike some of his aides, Nixon never went to jail. After resigning the presidency, Nixon sought to portray himself as an elder statesman. He publish and five books on US foreign policy The Real War (1980), Real Peace (1983), No More Vietnams (1985), 1999 Victory without War (1988), Seize the here and now (1992), and Beyond Peace (1994). By the 1990s, much of the scandal had been forgotten, and Nixon w as again hailed as a genius of foreign policy and jokingly considered a possible republican presidential candidate. T-shirts and bumperstickers appeared bearing the motto Hes tan, hes rested, and hes ready Nixon in 92. ReferencesAitken, Jonathan. Nixon, A Life. Regnery Publishing, 1993 Ambrose, Stephen E. Nixon The Education of a Politician, 1913-1962. Simon and Schuster, 1988. Genovese, Michael A. The Nixon Presidency Power and Politics in Turbulent Times. Greenwood Press, 1990 Hoff-Wilson, Joan. Nixon Reconsidered. BasicBooks, 1994. WGBH Boston. Nixon (videorecording). PBS Video, 1990.

Organizational Concepts -high :: essays research papers

GreenPages, Inc. hereinafter referred to as GP is a dynamic organization that most closely fits the sociotechnical mannikin put forth by Trist (1963) and Rice (1963) of the Tavis Institute. GP was created by Kurt Blieken in 1992 to be as he put it the most elegant company in existence today. Starting with a blank piece of paper Kurt Blieken crafted a mission statement (attachment A) that served as the underpinnings and catalyst to create an organizational structure that fit the complex technical systems with a social and economic system which serves as a model to the computer industry today. GP is currently under expiry tremendous growth of over 100% annually which creates a turbulent environment and tests the organization structure GP was founded on. It is the belief of Kurt Blieken as well as those of us whom work at GP that this unique corporate structure can not only be retained but thrive as the organization scales to new heights.In order to understand the goals and challeng es facing GP it is useful to utilize Weisbords Six-Box Model to analyse the organizational structure. GP was organise with two purposes in mind. The first was to create the best place to work in the country. The cornerstone of this purpose is a value system which is the very purport of our corporate culture. This value system is as follows? The companys most valuable asset is its corporate culture. The basis of the culture is cheering at another(prenominal)s success, helping out when a teammate needs a hand and being generous with praise. GP culture is so important that mess who cannot or will not embrace it fully will not be allowed to stay.? GP was designed from the ground up to meet the needs of our customers. We continuosly c aren and improve ourselves and our systems to meet new needs. ? Every job in the company is critically important. We hire good people, then give the tools and the training to be outstanding. We are always striving for perfect execution of everything we do.? Its OK to make a mistake. Since we hire good people, a mistake is just that, a mistake. If galore(postnominal) mistakes occur it is the system which needs to be corrected. Following this policy can be difficult but it leads to a wonderful lack of finger pointing and top covering. GP culture encourages new ideas and risk taking.

The Other Lover Essay example -- essays research papers

The Other LoverIn the Shakespearean sonnet, The Sonnet-Ballad by Gwendolyn Brooks, the verbalizer uses such techniques as repetition, metaphors and personification to order of battle how her relationship is doomed because of warfare. The poem shows how war can change a man who was once confident and unaffected by pain, into one who accepts death without a struggle. In this sonnet, death is personified and shown as the speakers opponent in a struggle for her lover. Death is described as being coquettish and possessive. These attributes are used to describe death because they show how hard it would be to overcome this opponent. The descriptions show that death flirts with the man, in order to make him accept her. Once death has claimed him, the speaker can never open her lover back he has been caught in deaths possessive arms. By giving these characteristics to death it is shown that, because of the war, the man is forced to court death rather of his lover. Once her lover has gone to war the speaker says, Now I cannot guess what I can use an empty-heart-cup for. This comparison shows how lost the woman is opinion now that she has realized she will probably never see her lover again. It describes how lonely she is, as well as the fact that she does not know how to serve with what she is feeling. Her heart was once full of love for the man, but now that he is gone, it is empty. The poet also compares death to a woman. She describes death as being coquettis...

The Other Lover Essay example -- essays research papers

The Other LoverIn the Shakespearean sonnet, The Sonnet-Ballad by Gwendolyn Brooks, the talker uses such techniques as repetition, metaphors and personification to show how her kin is doomed because of war. The poem shows how war can change a man who was once confident and unaffected by pain, into one who accepts death without a struggle. In this sonnet, death is personified and shown as the speakers opponent in a struggle for her lover. Death is described as being coquettish and possessive. These attributes are employ to describe death because they show how hard it would be to overcome this opponent. The descriptions show that death flirts with the man, in order to make him accept her. Once death has claimed him, the speaker can never have her lover back he has been caught in deaths possessive arms. By giving these characteristics to death it is shown that, because of the war, the man is agonistic to court death instead of his lover. Once her lover has gone to war the speaker say s, Now I cannot guess what I can use an empty-heart-cup for. This equality shows how lost the woman is feeling now that she has realized she will probably never see her lover again. It describes how lonely she is, as well as the item that she does not know how to deal with what she is feeling. Her heart was once full of love for the man, but now that he is gone, it is empty. The poet also compares death to a woman. She describes death as being coquettis...

American lit

The present paper is designed to compare Faulkners short story A Rose to Emily to the writings of the same genre by Poe and Hawthorne in order to identify the similar criteria, attributed to gothic literature. First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the depiction of the physical and material dimensions, employed by the agents, as or so of them refer to pessimism, inescapable decay and hopelessness. For instance, Faulkner provides the details of Emilys ageing When we next saw Miss Emily, she had grown fat and her hair was turning gray (Faulkner, 2001,Part IV), which fecal matter be parallelized to the really gradual expiration.Hawthorne, in The Birthmark uses dark imagery, e. g. , late one night when the lights were growing dim (Hawthorne, 2002) in order to imply the depravity and darkening of the protagonists conscience and morality. Poe, in The Black Cat, employs the images of night and the black color is order to create the impressions of fear, and similarly to the o ther two writers, moral and mental degeneration. Another important component of Gothic literature, used by the writers, is sinister mystery.Faulkner in the introductory paragraph states that the whole city gathers at the protagonists funeral through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument (Faulkner, 2001, Part I), so that the reader is puzzled by the possible reasons for such behavior, Hawthorne introduces his protagonist as a peculiar person, a gifted scientist with a mysterious and ambiguous personality, whereas Poe at the very beginning cues at the intrinsic adversity of the events to be presented, as they have terrified have torturedhave destroyed (Poe, 1999) the main(prenominal) character.Finally, all authors employ mental overthrow as a vital aspect of Gothic literature Faulkners Miss Emily literally keeps skeletons in her bed, Hawthornes Aylmer is obsessed with a single idea, the removal of the birthmark from his wifes cheek, whereas Poes protagonist in The Black Cat, addicted to alcohol, experiences extremely grave fits of anger and aggression, extending his negative emotions to the innocent creature. attempt 2.The present paper focuses on the realistic and non-judgmental and non-pissing depiction of the protagonist in Neighbour Rosicky. First of all, it is important to note that the author easily managed to provide a portrait of a righteous and kind-hearted person, who is, however, ordinary and poorly-educated villager. The overall tone of the short story is friendly and down-to-earth, which probably also points to the protagonists nature as his wife, Mary, believes, Anton Rosicky was her man, and the kind of man she liked.She was rough, and he was gentle , city-bred, as she always said. They had been shipmates on a rough voyage and had stood by each other in assay times (Cartherm 2002, Part II). In addition, the man manages to develop his agricultural business and rich certain affluence, beginning literally with nothing, which po ints to his resistibility and strong survival skills. Finally, he is very committed to his family and continues teaching and transferring knowledge to his children even after they have grown into adults.It is possible, however, to suspect a high degree of sentimentalism in the depiction of the decay of the main characters kind heart, but the author emphasizes the meaning of Antons attitude towards the hardships he encounters starving, suffering from poor economic security, he in his unfledged years managed to ascend over the circumstances and maintain his easy-going and supportive nature thus, when learning the doctors verdict about the possible length of his life, he shows optimism and insists that he is not going to give up the regular agricultural activities.The protagonists last words probably reflect his enthusiastic and fondness nature I like mighty well to see dat little child, Polly (Carther, 2002, Part VI), which means, the old mans optimism, desire for living and pursuit in earthy and family issues lasts as long as his own physical life.To sum up, the author successfully completes the goal of realism, associated with depicting practical, simple-minded people without any(prenominal) extravagancies, but with intrinsic ability to remain socially and psychologically productive. The short story resembles a memory about an old friend rather than an ode moreover, the author manages to avoid another extremity and eliminates the traces of sentimentalism through stressing the main characters viewpoint concerning his approaching death.Works cited Carther, W. Neighbour Rosicky. 14 December 2002, Faulkner, W. A Rose for Emily. 11 May 2001, Hawthorne, N. The Birthmark. 9 September 2002, Poe, E. The Black Cat. 21 July 1999,

Compare and Contrast the ways in which Christina Rossetti communicates her attitudes towards death in “Song” and “Remember” Essay

In both Song and Remember, Rossetti conveys her avow attitudes towards close through physical composition about how others should treat her wipeout and how she wants to be remembered, respectively. She addresses important reports as well as u twaddle word choice and the metrical template to paint a unsnarl picture of her perceptions of death.As a poet, Rossetti uses her choice and miscellanea of words as a way of conveying her initial facial expressionings towards death. In Song the tone of voice is immediately set by the ingenuous and candid first line, When I am dead my dearest. It portrays a surprisingly pragmatic sanction approach to death on behalf of the poet and demonstrates an emotionally detached attitude to it, believing that it is inevit adequate hence she does non disguise the subject of this poem in clichd euphemism.The rest of the rhythm develops this, where she uses stridents, Sing, Plant and Be, stressed at the beginnings of their lines, to show that she is adamant that her collaborator should dispense with all the conventional trappings of grief. The verse is heavily embellished in connotations of mourning, Rossetti making reference to as many symbols of it as she can, roses at my head, sad songs and a cypress tree, almost to satire the traditions of the day. Clearly, her views are that race should accept death as fated, although she also carries a tone of indifference as to what her partner should do, telling him that she does not mind whether he wishes to remember or forget her, And if thou wilt, remember,And if thou wilt, forget. This apathy is just as effective as the orders to not grieve, as she rejects the traditional and overt emotional mass of the Pre-Raphaelites, demonstrated in poems such as The Blessed Damozel, parodying them. She finishes the poem in this manner, using the ambiguity of haply, whereby it could be an archaic form of happily, so she exit not be sad, or it could mean perhaps showing her casual and imper vious attitude to whether she dies or not.In Remember, imperatives are also employ to give a sense that she wants her death treated in a certain way, the first line being demanding and insistent, Remember me when I am deceased away. Immediately, her perceptions of death seem to be that it is a final thing, hence she needs her partner to be sure to remember her, using this same imperative verb three times in the octet. It could almost suggest that she is scared of death, realising that she will be Gone far away and have no contact with human beings again, and Nor I half turn to go, yet turning stay reflect her unwillingness to die, and a sense of fear of it. However, these lines also reveal a flaw relationship, whereby she had been controlled by her officious partner.The use of the imperatives therefore may be Rossetti now trying to reverse these roles and control him, because of her resentment towards him You tell me of our future that you plannd. The inculpatory tone is empha sised by the spondee on you plannd and the shift from our to you suggests bitterness. Clearly, she is using her death as a way to make her partner realise his wrongs, and looking guilty through having to think about her for a change, and the fact that now she is going to have to be in a silent land where he can no more hold me by the hand. However, there is a shift in Rossettis tone indicated by the volta, Yet, as the sestet begins, moving from this idea of demanding that her partner remember her, to that of indifference to the matter.It seems she realises that their relationship was flawed and that she didnt really complete this man who tried to control her later on all, and so she suddenly does not appear to mind if he should forget me for a while and in fact tells him, do not grieve if he feels guilty for doing so. She reaches a fatalistic acceptance that she is going to die, and that it doesnt matter what her partner chooses to do, because she now appreciates that she should not make him remember and be sad when he could forget and smile, moving on with his life, and not tied to remembering someone who did not love him.However, it could be interpreted that here, Rossetti is again playing with the idea of guilt, and that she puts on this apathy in order to leave her partner in limbo to whether to forget or remember her. Perhaps this is her ploy to make him feel the guilt of trying to control her and through doing so, he will realise his wrongs, and thus been controlled by her, which you could argue as being her object, as the ultimate form of revenge.Rossetti also addresses the idea of religion in both Song and Rememberwhich broadens her portrayal of her attitudes towards death.In Song, as already discussed, Rossetti rejects convention in her pragmatic approach to death, only when also consciously rebuffs the traditional religious views of the time. There is no sense of celestial bliss or heaven in her mention of what death will be like, with no mentio n of a desire for a ceremony. She deliberately talks of her partner being the green grass higher up me, which shows that she has no belief of her dead body ascending into a divine afterlife, but rather staying firmly buried under the ground. Rossetti thus rejects the Pre-Raphaelites Anglican clean influences by her subversive reference to the afterlife. She writes of how she will be dreaming through the twilight, and given our associations of twilight- a time between day and night, it seems Rossetti imagines that she will besides be in an in-between stage, rather than in a true life in heaven or hell.Her reference to how she shall not hear the nightingale sing on as if in pain is also subversive, this time, of literary tradition. In poetry at the time, there would always be a worshipful and eulogistic attitude to the nightingale, such as in Ode to a Nightingale by Keats, where he writes how the bird singest of summer in full-throated ease and so limning a bird with a beautiful s ong, enjoyed by everyone. However, Rossetti writes that the bird sounds in pain, demonstrating an irreverent and caustically dismissive attitude to such conventional writing. Rossetti describes how death will be a form of sensory deprivation for her I shall not see the shadows,I shall not feel the rain and again, it is surprising, but she seems to dislodge a comfort in this, writing of these bad things- shadows.rain and what she finds as a horrible noise, and how she will not miss them when she is dead. This shows how she does not fear death but rather sees it for its benefits.In Remember, she rejects religion, writing that It will be late to counsel then or pray. She uses the conflict in her relationship with her partner to form the structure for this clash- advice and guidance, her approach, verses looking to religion for the answer, which would be her partners approach. Thus, from this, we can conclude that she does not see death as something in the hands of any dear(p) power a bove her.Rossetti also uses the meter, and structure of rhythm and rhyme to her advantage to help convey her attitudes towards death.The poem Song is written in two verses of eightsome lines, with an ABCB rhyme scheme. The simplicity of this metrical template suggests contentment and serenity, as it is familiar to the reader. The stresses are placed on important words such as the imperatives in the first verse, and the rhyme gives it an easy bouncing rhythm associated with humorous nursery rhymes, which fits the light-hearted feel the poem has when it concludes, with the balanced ending, Haply I may remember, and haply may forget, reflecting Rossettis nonchalant attitude towards death.The second verse could be interpreted to be a response to the first, however, whereby Rossettis lover is conveying his feelings, although Christina Rossetti herself is tranquillize writing. Perhaps he is talking of the relief it will be to not hear her constantly complaining- he will not have to hear her sing on as if in pain as she suffers from her illnesses or even just rambles on about death, or be surrounded by blackball feelings, represented in the poem by the rain and shadows. Given our associations with twilight as a calm and quiet time, it seems he will be able to live in peace without her, and have entire free will as to whether he may remember or may forget.However, considering that Christina Rossetti is assign as the poet for the entire poem, perhaps she is paranoid that this is what he thinks, so is putting herself in his shoes, and feels guilty for this selfishness, and so, when she writes, And if thou wilt, remember, And if thou wilt, forget, she is merely trying to ensure that she does not dominate any more of his life.The poem Remember is a sonnet, composing of fourteen lines written in iambic pentameter. The fact that sonnets are synonymous with love makes this poem again subversive, as it deals with love in a surprising way, whereby the relationship has brok en down and Rossettis obsession now seems to be with her own demise, rather than a lover. It is made up of an octet, with the rhyme scheme ABBAABBA and a sestet, with the rhyme scheme CDDECE, and the latter begun with a volta, which in Remember, is Yet. This clear separation marks how the poem deals with her death in two separate parts, the octet with the remembrance of her, and the sestet, with forgetting her,and hence in turn marks her change in attitude between one where she requires her partner to remember her, and where she realises that there is no need.In conclusion, Rossettis attitudes to death, presented in both Song and Remember are exceedingly subversive, and reject the pre-Raphaelite conventions of religion and the belief that the woman is dependant on their partner, in a passive role, and fears death away from their partner who they rely on.

Covering data protection and sharing Essay

In my setting all data collected and held regarding pupils who are in attending is kept safe and secure by using passwords on the computer and it can only be accessed by those who are in charge of it. educational records kept in each classroom are locked into cupboards with padlock, and only senior staff hold the keySchool only collects teaching that is used for a specific purpose, i.e. the minorrens address and parent/carer contact information. School also holds files renting staff lucubrate and training courses attended etc, which are again kept electronically with a password protection. The school ensures the information they require is relevant and accurate and they ensure the information is kept up to date, by sending letters away to parent/carers to remind them to update information since the last academic year. The information is kept for the duration the child is in attendance at the school and by and by which they will delete the files containing the personal data a nd shred any paper documents. Personal information is available to the pupils and parents should they wish to view their own details. Staff consent access to the shredding machine and can use at any time, to shred scribble notes during meetings, that may not be needed anymore, but may contain childrens names etc.Also, in my setting, surnames are not written onto the front of any child s books, which makes them harder to identify outside the setting, protecting identity. near of the children at my current work setting are on the child protection register and this information is only available to the designated safeguarding obligationr. If the safeguarding officer has been notified of some child protection issues in relation to any child then they essential better it to the childs teacher in confidence to ensure the information shared is in the strictest confidence. The information the CPO holds must also be kept secure at all measure (is kept in locked drawers and her office loc ked every time she is not there ) and it is imperative that the information stored does not become public knowledge. The data collected must at all times be kept on the premises to ensure it does not become public knowledge. If the information needs to be shared with external agencies then it must be done appropriately, by using their discretion, and following all policies at all times.As a 11 I keep information on my charge such as IEP, speech and Lang letters etc. These are all kept in a file in a cupboard away from the entrance used by parents. I can share these documents with relevant staff or outside agencies ( SENCo or Autism Outreach), but only at appropriate times and if relevant to do so. It is important to keep information confidential and only disclose to staff as necessary.Electronic details are password protected onto individual staff folders on the school computer system and screens must ALWAYS be shut down when completed with, and before walking away from the screen. Helen Purvis CYP 3.31.5 contdData Protection Act 1998 is an updated version of the 1988 Act. It says an organisation should hold an individuals information confidentially and not disclose to other members of the public. It also states that the individual has a right to view or amend the information held regarding them. School use the Data Protection Act and be in possession of included it their confidentiality policy and safeguarding policy and all staff musts adhere to these policies and procedures at all times.Reference data protection act on Wikipedia accessed 13.2.13

Diversity in instructional methods toward meaningful learning Essay

Abstract There is diversity in instructional methods that teachers can hold to exact ab come forward meaningful learning. This stem discusses cardinal of them namely integrated inquiry approach, 5-model of inquiry, the jig-sawing approach, section playacting and WebQuest. These instructional methods are learner centered methods that consider prior friendship, attitude and skills and promote knowledge of new knowledge and associate them to a variety of mise en scenes.All of them as well as deal with real-life situations that inbornly develop interpersonal relationships, problem-solving skills and content-knowledge among others. The teachers tasks are to plan and carry out efficiently the instructional designs to have meaningful learning among diverse learners, instructional methods and learning environments. Diversity in Instructional Methods Toward Meaningful acquire Diversity is an essential ingredient of success of all ventures in life including education.There are di ssimilar kinds of learners as in that location are teachers, instructional methods and learning environments but there is only one goal in education and this is for an effective and meaningful learning. Teachers should set environments for students so they could think critically and independently and relate new knowledge learned with a variety of contexts for meaningful learning. It is the task of the teachers to match the learners, the learning environments, the knowledge to be learned and the instructional methods.Learning meaningfully means that learners relate new knowledge to what they already know. Meaningful learning is non-arbitrary, non-verbatim, substantive deliberate effort to link new knowledge with higher order concepts in cognitive structures. It is a learning related to experiences with events or objects and affective commitment to relate new knowledge with prior learning. The diverse instructional designs towards meaningful learning should divulge outcomes, guide t he development of instruction content and establish its effectiveness.Efforts to consider meaningful learning in the different stages of instructional design are essential. Gagne et al. (1992) identified the different stages of instructional designs as defining instructional goals conducting instructional analysis identifying entry behaviours and learner characteristics developing performance objectives selecting an instructional method assembling instructional materials and cooking coifive and summative evaluations.He and his colleagues further cited that current educational theory and researches support the use of instructional methods that make students active agent learners. Among the diverse instructional methods obtainable to teachers to seek and use, the commonly employ approach towards construction of new knowledge meaningfully are the problem based learning and inquiry approach, cooperative learning, and engineering strategies. Each of these methods has its own advanta ges and disadvantages, but when used effectively can maximize learning.Problem-Based and Inquiry Approach Students in the problem-based and learning inquiry approach engage in meaningful learning through being actively involved in their own learning and reconstructing these based on their experiences. They further participate in active investigation, more than of integrating knowledge rather than separating them so that deep understanding develop from acquisition of new facts. In this method, students are given relevant problems by teachers which inquiry must be done.The general steps in this inquiry approach are identifying the problems, gathering of data, organizing the data in attempt to analyse the problems and analyses of the strategies to use to solve the problems. Integrated Inquiry In the Integrated Inquiry planning process, a model of inquiry approach genuine by K. Murdoch, sequences of activities and experiences are developed to build on and challenge student perception s. These sequences begin with students prior knowledge and experiences and move through deliberate processes wherein that knowledge is extended, challenged and refined.Students have their own prior experiences that they bring to their classes and teachers should be aware of how to address this situation. Activities and learning experiences in this model are grouped as tuning on, take careing out, sorting out, going further, making conclusions and victorious actions (Murdoch, 1999). Furthermore, planning for sagaciousness is a very important element of planning for Integrated Inquiry. Murdoch (1999) highlights the need for the collection and analysis of information about what and the how students have learned.The assessment in the Integrated Inquiry model is to determine how to improve student learning as these new information help teachers modify their plans of work to befit the needs of the learners. Students involvement in planning for assessment as in selecting responses to p articular learning experiences and designing demonstrations of understanding are highly encouraged. Therefore, teachers are also tasked to identify and design learning experiences that will provide information for assessment purposes.The strengths of this model are focussed on assessment of learning in context and encouraging a variety of demonstrations of understanding based on the learning experiences that students undertake. Learners that may benefit most from this Integrated Inquiry Approach are those loose of setting goals in their own learning and significantly contribute in determining how assessment could be effectively done. 5-E Model In the book Activities for precept Science as Inquiry by Carin, Bass & Contant (2005) many laboratory investigations were cited as inquiry approach to learning.They focused on the 5-E Instructional Model with the five main components identified as Engagement, Exploration, Explanation, Elaboration and Evaluation. Each of these components is le arner-centred. This investigatory method maybe time and resource consuming but it allows the learners to develop critical view and problem solving skills experientially. The use of this method is not limited to teaching sciences, which are considered to be not very easy subjects. This experiential learning brings more opportunities for learners to bring forth better understanding and longer retention of knowledge learned.Cooperative Learning Cooperative learning is an instructional method that takes place in a small group of learners of different levels of ability and in environments of responsibility not only for their own understanding of the subject but also for his co-learners. It brings more meaning to learning because it provides shared cognitive sets of information between students, motivating them to learn the materials, ensuring that they construct their own knowledge, providing formative feedback, developing social and group skills demand for success outside the classroo m.Cooperative leaning promotes learning and academic achievement, increases retention and satisfaction with their learning experiences among students, helps develop skills in oral communication, social skills, promotes student conceit and fosters mutual responsibility. Although this method helps students learn to be more patient, less critical and more compassionate, some students may find difficulty with this method. Students who work alone find difficulty in sharing answers while aggressive students will tend to take over and brighter students to act superior to the rest.Teachers who will employ cooperative should fudge their students how to work in groups for this method to be successful. Jig Sawing Approach The Jig Sawing Approach is a cooperative learning strategy wherein students becomes an expert in a particular area, then shares his or her learning knowledge with other members of the group that eventually all members of the group learn the concepts. In the Modified Jigsaw, the class is carve up into equal expert groups, with each of these groups working on isolated portions of the activity.Once each expert group has completed the tasks, they report their findings as group to the class. grouping report allows for greater flexibility in student presentation style and prevents the possibility of unintentionally misrepresentation of information (Beaudrie et al. 1998). This method best suits heterogenous learners crossways disciplines. It provides opportunities for learners to show various competencies. Moreover, students are more comfortable to exchange ideas with their co-learners because of their dynamic open relationship. Role playing Another instructional method of interest is piece playing.It also deals with solving problems but through actions. In economic consumption playing, problems are identified, explored through actions and discussed. The students input in their power playing their prior knowledge, values and attitudes. A role-playing s trategy seems to work best when there are multiple correct approaches to solving problems. It encourages thinking and creativity to develop and practice new behaviours in non-threatening setting. It provides opportunities for students to explore further their feelings gain more insights about their attitudes and also enhance their problem solving skills.It also promotes effective interpersonal relations. The learning in these role playing activities are meaningful as they are retained longer and hoped to be of use to the real life of the learners. Terms which are used, often interchangeably with role playing are simulation, game, role-play, simulation-game, role-play simulation, and role-playing game. Role playing dynamically promotes effective interpersonal relationships and social transactions among learners. Technology Supported Approach Technology provides a set of tool for addressing the issues on improving student learning.These issues are of providing more of learners time on authentic, challenging tasks with rich contexts with fury on multi-disciplinarity changing of role of teachers to facilitators of knowledge that guide students and learn along with them students working in an environment of more cooperative relationships that encourages communication and access to real-world examples towards the development of learning communities and with greater emphasis placed on reflective thinking and productivity with the understanding that students will preform their tasks differently and have different task-relevant skills ( Grabe and Grabe, 2004).WebQuest WebQuest, the model developed by Bernie Dodge, is an inquiry-oriented lesson format in which most or all the information that learners work with comes from the web. WebQuests is most often a group activity in a library or distance education setting. It may be enhanced by wrapping motivational elements around the basic structure by giving the learners a role to play, simulated personae to interact with vi a e-mail, and a scenario to work within. They can be designed within a single discipline or they can be interdisciplinary (Dodge, 1997). The WebQuest challenges he learner to be creative in problem-solving.In the world of education, there are so many instructional designs that can be utilized to end up with meaningful learning. No instructional method is better than the other but each one in the hands of a committed and learned teacher can merit students across academic levels and disciplines to bring about meaningful learning.References Beaudrie, B. , Slater,T. F. , Stevenson, S. & Cadit, D. (1998). Teaching astronomy by internet jigsawing. Leading and Learning with Technology Journal, 26. , Retrieved December 13, 2007 from http//www. aem. umn. edu. Carin, A. A, Bass, J. E & Contant T.L. (2005).Activities for Teaching Science As Inquiry. NJ Pearson Prentice Hall. Dodge, B. (1997). Some thoughts about WebQuests . Retrieved December 13, 2007 from http//webquest. sdsu. edu/about_webq uests. html. Gagne, R. M. , Briggs, L. J. , & Wager, W. W. (1992). Principles of Instructional Design . TX Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers. Grabe, M. & Grabe C. (2004). consolidation Technology for Meaningful Learning. NY Houghton Mifflin Company. Murdoch, K. (1998) Classroom Connections Strategies for Integrated Learning. Melbourne Eleanor Curtain Publishing.

Growing Up in Charlotte, NC

Growing up here in Charlotte NC was very hard for me and my family. As a unripened child, I was the younger of ii children actu all toldy, I was the middle child of three, I had a baby brother who died at a young age from an illness. intumesce as a young child I grew up on the West side of town called West Blvd. and then we moved to Rosszell ferry Rd.We stick around there till I was in the 5th grade we then moved to Columbus Circle and then to Bruns Ave as you can see I moved around a lot but it did non matter everywhere we moved I was always the one who got picked on because of my clothes and hairs-breadth, My hair was short because it was not took care of, my clothes were not new, we had to shop at the thrift store of the goodwill to find things that would fit. I remember as a young child one year for Christmas me and my brother did not get anything for Christmas, O my God I was so hurt.All my cousins got all these toys but me and my brother did not get anything, and the sad part about all this is my Father had brought me and my brother bikes but he took them to SC and gave them to his girlfriend children. I also remember as a young child as the one who was always took down in the basement and messed with by my uncle, or when I went to visit my cousin their erstwhile(a) brother would try to mess with me, This thing I took and crowd in the back of my mind, and tried to live my life as best I knew how. vivacious life as a teenager really was hard.I was sack outn as the Black Dolly Pardon, WOW this was hard but I still push my way through this. I manage to finish school and college but life was still hard. At the age of 21 I got pregnant with my support child, O I did not tell you I got popped at the age of 16 and lost the baby, I lost the baby at 3 months. When I was 19 I decided to leave home, and that was the worst decision of my life, I was abuse by my son father, who has passed away, James E. Henderson was killed in 2007. In 1986 I gave nascenc e to a son Jonathan D. Adams. Jonathan is now 26 years old.In 1987 I had another son name Sirquentin Q Adams and a Daughter name Rasheena Adams. At the age of 24 I had three children and no husband I didnt know what to do. God I really needed your help, things began to spin out of control, I was animated wherever I could and that was no fun, But I made it, at the age of 27 my father put me and my three children out on the way with nowhere to go, I was so hurt I ended up staying with a guy who hurt me by permitting me know that me and my baby girl could stay but not my boys so I had to find somewhere to go, I ended up moving in with a friend who let her hildren abuse my children by biting, scratching, pinching, and whatever they could to hurt my children. Until I moved in with my cousin and only stayed there for about a month or two then I got my own house through the section 8 program. I stayed in the program for 15 years. I became very sick with residuum apnea and high blood pre ssure. But I still kept trying to live the best life I could.What I am trying to range is all my life I was bullied, picked on, talked about and threw under the bus, this hurt very badly. I am learning to live life the best I know how, but I still have not learn the lesson yet. I have always made sure that my children and everyone else that was connected to me was ok, But I never really took care of me, I am now living with my cousin on there couch, I dont really want to be here but it is either here or in the shelter.God I am in need of your help, this thing is affecting me so bad to the prime that I am not even in place in church. I now ask that you absolve me for all my sins, and mistakes, God please forgive me, I just want to please you. God I need my own apartment and I need it to be furniture, I need all my debts to be caught up so I can start over again. God I just want a chance to start over and make things right with you and myself. God I just want to live in peace.

African American Leadership: Two Voices, One Vision

Booker T. chapiter and W. E. B. Du Bois, two distinct figures, whom both found the latter part of the 1800s, in need of leadership from within a segmented group of American Society were placed in odds over a single issue triple-crown racial up line up for the African American population. As in any case when the attention of the masses is at stake, the titanic collision of h id minds was inevitable.The two men, sought to position their several(prenominal) plans as the predominate solution to solve racial in equating and achieve racial uplift for population of former slaves and born free citizens in the fall in States.Booker T. upper-case letter, born into slavery, 1856, for the first nine years of his life, held that the black community must exercise patience. Any abrupt aggressive action by African Americans would be interpreted as threatening by the Caucasian bulk therefore inviting justifiable increased discrimination against blacks. working capitals philosophy put fore the notion that blacks should be willing to sacrifice brotherly and governmental equality, in exchange for economic liberty.The path to up lifting would be achieved through fidelity, being loyal worthy and industrial. Born free in 1868, W. E. B. Du Bois was the product of a respectable family that held position in the community of Great Barrington, Massachusetts. Du Bois believed the top ten percent or as he dubbed it the talented tenth of the African American population should focus all their energy on higher education. The African American intellectuals would past lead the masses to a higher social rung.Protest, challenge, provocation were the watch words for Du Bois method. He clearly felt immediate political, social and racial equality was warranted. As stated by Jacqueline M. Moore, author and educator, Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. Du Bois, and the Struggle for Racial Uplift, the debate cutd that there were more than two methods of racial uplift (Moore, p. 89) Washingtons vi ews, was somewhat misconstrued to believe he was selling out to the majority of American Society.While he felt that African Americans should not push themselves into unwelcome arenas, he knew that political accomplishments were short lived and whimsical. His confidence was in the economical and financial gains that were long term and wielded tangible influence. Washington was clever enough to quietly lobby majority law makers and civic organizations in behind scene efforts to garner support for African American enfranchisement. Even more astute by Washington was his top executive to blood line his educational agenda from wealthy financial supporters.Du Bois took the position that Caucasian America should be held at an arms distance, neither rejecting nor embracing. He felt the sort to eliminate tension between the bucket alongs was to create a synergy between being African Americans and the rest of America by utilizing the talents of the so called Talented tenth part to spearhea d the struggle for national racial equality. Thru Du bois multiple initiatives to further promote his cause, encouraging action and open protest to challenge racism and discrimination (Moore, p. 78) were received in his approach.Washington was convinced through hard work and the financial success of entrepreneurial enterprises, respect and equality would be gained for African Americans and up lifting of the race would be a natural evolutionary process. Clearly because of his run throughs as a former slave, Washingtons philosophy was shaped by determination and work ethic. educate at Hampton Institute, a vocational institution, described as progressive, training people for skilled work. (Moore, 21), was the capstone of Washingtons desire to continue educating African Americans in skilled trades.In direct opposition to Washingtons vision of an industrial educated populace that would repair thru commerce, Du Bois selected Talented Tenth would help others to fight for the rights fo r the race(Moore, 62) with their knowledge of new-made society. This type of comparison epitomizes the differences of the two visionaries, however Washingtons approach is accurate as rise up as brilliant, Under the pretense of maintaining the social hierarchy, he was able to create a strong, independent, black-run institution (Moore, 28).While outwardly going along with the status quo, Washington tacitly used his economic prowess to cook a tangible independent entity capable of choosing its own destiny and purpose. All the while Du Bois relied solely on rhetoric and the intellectual elite to build his constituency to improve the status of African Americans. Judging from racial attitudes in seemly integrated Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Du Bois was denied community sponsored scholarship to Harvard University. Further acknowledgement of the less than ideal racial setting, Du Bois attended integrated schools, adult blacks and whites did not mingle socially,(Moore, 39).Historica lly African American college Fisk University did offer him a scholarship. Author Jacqueline M. Moore was injudicious in her conclusion, he (Washington) was the only one capable of negotiating with both the white North and the white South and that outspoken protest would simply make matters worse (Moore, 68). Mistaking his silence for weakness overlooks in promote(p) lobbying in politics and underlying influence in advancing the African American race. Du Bois stance towards racial equality is the central criticism of Washington.Du Bois felt that Washington was allowing Caucasian America off the hook of responsibility. While they both agreed institutional segregation had to end, Du bois felt strongly that African Americans were owed assistance from the general society. work out the race problem required everyones involvement (Moore, 72). Washington chose self up lift from the collective boot straps. Clearly Washingtons experience as an ex-slave impacted his work ethic and decision making process and shaped his views of how African Americans should advance the struggle for equality.Comparatively Du Bois argued that Washington was subservient toward the majority govern and racial discrimination. Racial discrimination and violence was at an all time high, however Du Bois model for protest, higher education, and a demand for immediate social and political equality was hollow without effective means. The establishment of several civic and social organizations by Du Bois could only voice outrage and indignation. There was no real force behind the effort to motivate people to change on both sides of the racial divide.Washington was widely accused of pandering and compromising by contemporaries as well as scholars of at once. What is clearly overlooked is Washington uncanny foresight of recognizing the importance of financial and economic gains over social gains, Blacks would agree not to push for social and political equality if whites would agree not to exclude t hem from economic progress (Moore, 33). This statement alone underscores his ability to correctly comprehend what drives a capitalistic society, make up in the early 1900s, and to predict the necessary tool for the future is clearly defined as economic progress.Another popular misconception was that Washington focused on presenting African Americans as well dressed, polite educated puppets that could discuss the plight of their people with out offending the listening audience. The message would be a softer, more unexceptionable presentation for the gentile surrounding. While that may have been an actual tactic used by Washington, it was only a well thought maneuver to fund his educational institution, Tuskegee Institute, by well heeled benefactors. He now favored influence as well as philanthropic support that would educate the next extension of resourceful, independent entrepreneurs.If his vision had been realized, financially successful enterprises started in 1900s possibly cou ld have survived today or subsidiaries that would be in existence to hire the todays African American professionals at all levels. Once could only imagine the business knowledge gained and economic success of competitive entities started during the industrial age. Washington may have sacrificed some short lived dignity, but he realized that un-restrain economic growth is tangible and sustains while intellectual accomplishments does not protect or shelter.In the final analysis, the examination of how Du Bois and Washington sought out a collective political, social and economical agenda in the midst of national racial ruction during the turn of the century is an interesting analogy of todays civil rights leadership agenda. Washingtons method was clearly the most beneficial for the overture of African Americans for then as well as today. Promoting economic success was the most fundamental element in the struggle for racial uplift.Understanding and able to recognize the changing econo mic conditions would allow the national objective of racial equality to be the sole issue versus both combined as they are today. As an active participant in the industrial revolution, Washington recognized success as access to business opportunities with a foundation in industrial education. Compared to modern day choices, ground floor Internet opportunity or NAACP internship? Washingtons was option was clearly the proper path, noted by the number of successful African American business that flourished during segregation, i.e. Johnson Publishing, A. G. Gaston Insurance, Motown, etc compared full to racial integration era business successes they remain in African American control. Even though African Americans had limited political power and remained segregated socially, pure economic growth would have accelerated true racial uplift and the issue of economical dissimilitude would have been an issue of the past. Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. Du Bois, and the Struggle for Racial Upl ift, Jacqueline M. Moore Wilmington , Delaware Scholarly Resources, 2003.

Bucket List

Bucket dip The Bucket List was an amazing movie it was a movie that showed two older men on a journey to find the intend of life. Mr. Edward Cole a corporate billionaire and a scholarly machinist Carter chamber met in the hospital because they both had Cancer. The time that they spent together in the hospital did non only bring them great friendship but too together they found the joy and essence of life.While sitting in the hospital together slowly dying from cancer they decided that they were non ready to clog and they still had a lot of things they wanted to do for themselves before it was too late. So, they make a bucket list, and decided to escape the hospital and do everything that they always wanted to do. Carter Chambers was espouse to his dear wife, Virginia, for 45 years he had a happy marriage and a wonderful family but, Mr. Chambers felt as if something was missing.He explained that for the finally forty five years of his life were mostly sanctified to his fami ly and wife, now he wants to have time for himself and do the things he always wanted to do, but didnt get a chance to do. Even though his friend Edward Cole was a billionaire he also felt as if there was something missing out of his life, he had a lot of money and numerous divorces, and a daughter that he has not spoken with, that didnt make him feel like he had the true meaning to life.As a person approaches late adulthood, health problems are not upright the issue, but problems regarding ones meaning of life. Both of these men felt unsatisfied or incomplete, with their boilers suit feeling, they were both suffering from a terminal disease, and they both felt if they were going to die they wanted die knowing they got the best out of life, with no regrets, and lived life to the fullest. Both Edward and Carter where demonstrating Eriksons Last portray of development. His last stage is integrity vs. espair hoping that one entrust gain strength of wisdom so that person will not b e afraid of death. Erikson believes that much of life was preparing for the middle adult stage and the last stage is to recovering from it. When a person is older and is able to reevaluate their life with happiness, and feels fulfilled with a complicated sense of life and meaning is when that person is experiencing integrity. If a person is experiencing that they failed at life, and have no meaning to life this is when the person is displaying despair. They fear death because they have not got all out of life

Language in Anthony and Brutus’ Speeches Essay

Comp atomic number 18 and contrast heat contents drill of empty words to affect others in his Harfleur destinationes with the effectiveness of the language in Anthony and Brutus speeches In total heat V, enthalpy routines empty talk very effectively as he persu fruit drinks the Governor at Harfleur to surrender and progresss his man on contendd with his Once more unto the breach speech. This is very similar to Anthony and Brutus of Julius Caesar as they use ornateness to ascertain the mob firstly Brutus wins the push over and they believe the death of Caesar is a in force(p) thing and be creator Anthony turns them around and they end up hating Cassius and Brutus. enthalpy uses rhetoric to create a number of different effects one of them being to persuade the Governor to surrender. Rhoda Koenig suggests that this scene points up the character of this immature and disaffected world-beater, which I disagree with as I believe that this speech shows just how the King has ma tured as he is able to bluff his expression through as his array is, really, worn and battered.This speech shows how enthalpys words be more puissant than his army, which is similar to Anthony in Julius Caesar who turns the mob into a call down of madness just through the use of his oratorical skills. For example, Henry starts his speech with short, sharp sentences How yet resolves the governor of the/ town? This creates an assertive beginning and one that makes Henry seem powerful and stern. This coupled with the use of a rhetorical question puts the Governor in a situation whither the mercy of Henry is in his hands, as if the outcome of his men depends on his decision. This excessively removes the responsibility from Henrys shoulders which is a recurring typography end-to-end the play. Henry also describes what the outcome could look like if the Governor doesnt surrender The supply of mercy shall be all shut up. The use of a metaphor here, the gates of mercy, refers to H enry as if once he starts the battle theres no going back.This is used to fright the Governor so that he believes Harfleur volition be desecrated once the battle has begun. This, of course, is a faade as Henry knows full-well that his army is worn thin and lacking in strength. This demonstrates Henrys good leadership, as he bluffs his way through with sureness. Also, this quote contains lots of monosyllables which make it very powerful and reinforces the terror which forces the Governor to surrender. Bernard Richards raised an interesting point where he said that Shakespeare wanted to show the full say of war the glamour as well as the squalid and obscene violence. This interested me as throughout this speech there is talk of atrocities of war such as shrieking daughters while elsewhere in the play we see the French think of war as glorious. This is very similar to Brutus in Julius Caesar who has to use rhetoric to convince the push to surrender, as they are initially angry a t the conspirators for killing their leader.For example, he uses rhetorical questions to force the crowd to realise that the murder of Caesar volition benefit them Who here is so dwelling house Who here is so rude Who is so vile for him have I offended. The crowd are obligate to ask themselves if they would want to be slaves, for example, which they of course answer no. The use of a three-part list also emphasizes this and would allow the crowd to remember this more accurately Let him be Caesar This quote shows that Brutuss rhetoric successfully convinces the crowd, although they appear to have missed the point as they want Brutus to be the new Caesar and the touch on leader of capital of Italy which is what the conspirators were fighting against. It is also interesting to none that Shakespeares main characters usually peach in blank verse, but here Brutus speaks in prose. This is because prose is the perfect way to persuade so has a stronger affect on the crowd. It could a lso be argued that because he speaks to the low-life characters, they will down the stairsstand prose better than blank verse. indoors his speech Brutus also uses repetition which reinforces his message Hear me for cause hear.The use of framing repetition here grabs the crowds attention and makes them listen. He also repeats honour throughout his speech Believe me for exploit honour, and have respect for mine honour. This repetition is used to emphasize to the crowd that the conspirators cause was revered and that they have done the right thing while it also serves to remind the crowd how Brutus is an honourable man, which is a similarity with Henry who also takes great care in ensuring the cause for going to war is moral. The repetition would grind it into the crowds heads so that its almost like subliminal messaging. The repetition also shows how Brutus is exempt unsure himself and that he is trying to convince himself that they have done the right thing. Henry also uses rh etoric to empower his army and urge them on at Harfluer in what Hal Hinson of the Washington Post calls the greatest half-time speech in human history.Here, Henry is forced to persuade his army that they should not fall behind but attack once again Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more. Similarly to Brutus, Henry uses framing repetition to encourage his army to attack Harfleur once more. The repetition helps to reinforce the message and will stick in their minds through the battle. Also in this quote, he uses an endearing pronoun friend. This affects the army as they will feel that they are all friends of the King and will have a surge of confidence. This will help the army to conquer whatever they face, even though they have had to retreat. Interestingly, this contrast to what the Chorus says in the preceding scene as he states that the great British are invading France when really they are being forced to retreat.Henry also uses alliteration But when the blast of wa r blows in our ears. The use of plosive alliteration here creates a powerful sound which suggests that the English army are powerful enough to defeat the French. This also shows Henrys passion as if its bursting out of him as he desperately wants his men to survive as he feels guilty that the war may not have an honourable cause. Also is this speech, sibilance is used Stiffen the sinews. This also creates quite an aggressive sound which would be passed onto the soldiers and make them feel aggressive and willing to fight. Henry also uses figurative language Let it appreciate like the brass cannon. This illustration likens the mind prying to a cannon an item associated with war which would trouble oneself up the soldiers and also remind them that they are at war, its kill or be killed. Another simile used refers to Alexander the Great On, on, you noblest English like so many Alexanders.Here, Henry likens his army to a group of Alexander the Greats. Alexander the Great is a fig ure of classic legend which states that he conquered the Persian Empire. It also says that he was often reckless with his own life and his soldiers as he believed he was indestructible. This would encourage his men and fill them with confidence as Alexander was a great warrior and Henrys army will feel equally invincible. Shakespeares Elizabethan reference were very interested in Greek culture so the simile would have been more relevant and had more effect than it would on our association who have a lesser interest. Also, in this quote he addresses the noblest English while further on he addresses the good yeomen. Henry directly addresses each social class as his army was compiled of a number of different classes, even nationalities. King Henry V was known for uniting people under him as he prevented a civil war between the Church and the Government and this unity is shown in the scene between Gower, Fluellen, Jamy and MacMorris.This scene also, as James Shapiro suggests, prophet ically anticipates the notion of a united ground. Although these nations were far from united in 1599, when the play was written as England and Ireland were at war, and some were very antipathetical during Henrys reign. For example, James Shapiro criticizes that Henry says the Scots may attack yet here they are united. This would make each soldier feel important, needed and a friend of the kings, which would, ultimately, provide the soldiers with confidence to fight, and beat, the French. Likewise, Mark Anthony in Julius Caesar also addresses his crowd individually while manipulating them until they run riot around Rome Friends, Romans, countrymen. Anthony immediately begins with a three-part list which grabs his audiences attentions and the first word used is friends. This instantly makes the crowd warm to him as he is speaking to them as equals.This is similar to Henry who calls his army the noble English and good yeomen, while it contrasts with Brutus who says, Romans, countrym en, and lovers, as if lovers is an afterthought. This may hint at why Henry and Anthony were successful at convincing their audience while Brutus failed, because Henry and Anthony allowed the audience to warm to them while Brutus did not. Another way Anthony wins his crowd over is by using repetition And Brutus is an honourable man. This is repeated at regular intervals throughout his speech and each time it becomes more sarcastic. The sarcastic tone induces the crowd to question whether killing Caesar was an honourable thing.Here, in the same way as Brutus, he uses subliminal messaging however he uses it against Brutus and to much better effect as the crowd end up rampaging across Rome. In conclusion, Henry and Anthony use rhetoric and their oratorical skills very well combining repetition, friendly language, and other techniques to persuade their respective crowds to see their way of thinking. Brutus, however, fails to convince his crowd (or is unable to deliver a speech worthy of Anthonys) which goes to show how good Anthonys speech is. Henry manages to convince the Governor to surrender, and convince his battered army to continue, while Anthony manages to convince an audience who love Brutus, to hunt him down. Brutus, on the other hand, cannot prevent the people of Rome from turning against him as he didnt endear himself to the crowd.

Georgia’s Water Supply Essay

Over the years, Georgias piddle resources have been abundant. With forbidden appropriate foresight, at that place is now a serious water crisis that Georgians are facing. Coming up with solid solutions is urgently needed and are being discussed. One of these is desalination process of taking salt water and converting it to fresh water. thither are several fusss with this. One is that since the oceans supply is tremendous, it could discourage water conservation.Also, this could tremendously harm coastal habitats. Another dilemma is that it is expensive. It costs $3 to produce 1,000 gallons of desalinated water, compared to $1. 25 for surface water and $. 50 for groundwater. A big budget would be needed and where it will come from is also a determine factor. Another solution currently in use on a much smaller home during drought seasons, is inter wash-hand basin water transfers removal of water from a plentiful river basin and releasing it into a basin in need.A highly emotiona l solution since every city/county wants to maintain control everywhere its own natural water supply. For example when Augusta was asked about sharing its water with Atlanta, the answer was no way. If Augusta is unwilling to help Atlanta, then it will be a challenge to work out a solution with Tennessee, Alabama or Florida. Without the cooperation of needed parties, this would not be feasible and would not cause its main goal in the long run.A third solution is conservation. Its implementation is the main problem of not being embraced by many local jurisdictions, like in North Georgias water planning district. Also, Atlanta has relied on interbasin transfers. Not only is the survival during Georgias water crisis dependent on solutions, but implementation of them and adherence with complete participation by every community of interests member is badly required.

Macroeconomics Case Assignment Essay

gross domestic productQuestions1. expunge that consumer spending is $1,000, government expenditures be $300, investments by industry are $150, and the excess of exports over imports is $200. compute the gross domestic product. (Please show your work) The basic formula for calculating the GDP is Y = C + I + E + G C= meter I=150 E=200 and G=300Y= nose candy0+150+200+300=1650, Y=16502. If we are able to increase our domestic energy production, and that allows us to import less oil color from foreign countries, briefly explain what leave alone happen to the GDP. If Exports exceeds imports then it will add to the GDP notwithstanding if imports are more than the exports it subtracts from the GDP. With this being said if we import less oil from foreign countries then it would positively impact the nations GDP. ostentationQuestions1. If the CPI went from 100 to 104 during the bypast course, the rate of swelling, in percent, was? (Please show your work) commit of inflation = (104 10 0)/100 x 100= 4/100 x 100 = 4%2. If the CPI went from 231 to 234 over the past year, the rate of inflation was? (Please show your work) browse of inflation = (234 231)/231 x 100, = 3/231 x 100, = 1.30% Unemployment rateQuestions1. Assume the entire civilian labor military is 20,000 people and the number of unemployed is 2,000 people. Compute the unemployment rate, in percent. (Please show your work) Unemployment regularize= 2000/20000 = 0.1 *100 = 10Unemployment Rate=10%2. Assume the entire civilian labor force is 20,000 people, the number of unemployed is 2,000 people entirely, vitamin D of the unemployed have now stopped looking for work. Compute the unemployment rate, in percent. (Please show your work) Unemployment Rate=1500/19500= 0.078Unemployment Rate= 7.8%International Economic Trends1. Compare the four-spot countries in terms of Output and Growth (Real GDP). The analysis should unaccompanied cover the period from the inauguration of 2008 to the present, and make su re the most recent 2011 changes are addressed. The 2008 economic condensate affected the world economy. 2008 seen the housing grocery store crash both here and in Japan. By 2009, Canada, Japan, the linked Kingdom, and the United States all saw ostracize economic issue. Japans economy was hit the hardest with -10% growth in 2009 as demand for their products weakened. Canada was the last to fall into negative growth and experienced the least negative growth of the four countries. All experienced a partial recovery in 2010 as GDP came out of negative growth and each seen minimal growth.The global economic crisis, however, hit the countrys mainstay exports hard and brought on Japans worst recession since World War II, in late 2008. Since mid-2009, Japan has limped back into recovery, helped by exports and stronger capital investment. 2011 was looking up for the Japanese economy, relatively speaking, but the earthquake and tsunami in early March 2011 has put the economy in a tailspi n with a large portion of the country affected not all by the devastation but the effectuate of the nuclear power plan leakage. Canada, the UK, and the U.S. appear to be going into the double dip recession as the economies in 2010 were making slow recovery, 2011 has seen more contraction. The monetary policies of all four countries have slowed the pace of the recession, but are going to be unable to fix the problems, because the national debt are so high, deficit are rising, and projections are not good. Monetary policy, keeping interest rates low and printing more specie can only do so much fiscal policies implementing stimulus packages have foreseeable failed and only added to national debts.2. Compare the four countries with respect to Inflation and Prices (CPI). The analysis should only cover the period from the get of 2008 to the present, and make sure the most recent 2011 changes are addressed. As the economies of Japan, Canada, the UK, and the U.S. were entering the reces sion in 2008, prices and inflation had hit a high, but began to fall as the GDP fell. GDP and CPI are close to identical images when looking at the graphs of each. Prices fell as the economy tanked because consumers clearly did not have the acquire power. As the economies of each country experienced positive growth rates, CPI began to rise. Inflation rate refers to a general rise in prices measured against a standard level of purchasing power. When comparing the four countries, Canada, UK and U.S. have experienced very similar changes in CPI, where Japan has remained relatively unchanged for 2011, but mimicked the others in 2008 and 2009.Inflation for 2011 in Canada, the UK and the U.S. is increasing. Some reports say goober butter will see a 40% price increase in the bordering week, which may be due to a poor peanut growing season. According to the United States Department of Agricultures Consumer Price Index, all food increase 0.8 percent between 2009 and 2010 and is forecast t o increase 3.5 to 4.5 percent in 2011. The increases in food prices affect the general purchasing power of consumers, combined with inflation, consumers are not going to be able to purchase our office out of recession. 3. Compare the four countries regarding the Labor Market (Unemployment Rate).The analysis should only cover the period from the beginning of 2008 to the present, and make sure the most recent 2011 changes are addressed. Regarding the labor market, United States posted the most reproducible rates of unemployment ranging from 1.9% to just closely 3%. In stark contrast, Japan posted the most unpredictable figures in terms of unemployment percentages 0.8% in 2008 to -9.8% in 2009.In 2011, Japan recorded a percentage change of about 2.0%. As is the case with the USA, UKs rates never went below 1% during this period. The future of the labor market is therefore quite promising in the USA as compared to the other countries in this particular category.Questions1. Assume i nterest rates on Treasury bonds, with the indicated time to maturities as follows15 years = 7.72%20 years = 8.72%25 years = 9.64%30 years = 10.18%The differences in rates among these bonds is caused by (please briefly explain your choice)a. measure effectsb. Default try premiums. (Default risk premium will cause the interest rates among the T bond with different time period with different rates) c. Maturity risk premiumsd. A down slope behave curvee. Liquidity risk premiums2. Which statement is False? (Please briefly explain your choice) a. The default risk premium is applied to all bonds including U.S. Government ones. b. The liquidity premium requires that an asset can be change both quickly and for fair market value. c. The inflation premium is added on to the required return to protect the purchasing power of an investors earnings. d. The market risk premium is added to all bonds, even U.S. Government ones. (Market risk premium will be the same for all investors since t he value is based on what actually happened).3. Over the next 3 years inflation is expected to be Year one 2.5%, year two 3.5%, year three 4%. What should investors require for an inflation premium on a Treasury bond with a three-year maturity? (Please show your work) Inflation premium on year 3 = (2.5+3.5+4)/3Inflation premium on year 3 = (10)/3Inflation premium on year 3 = 3.33%4 If the rate of inflation is expected to be 0% for the next 4 years will the yield curve have an upwards slope? (Please briefly explain your answer) Yield to maturity = = Rf + DRP + LP + MRP + Inflation Premium Everything consistentInflation premium = (2.5+3.5+4+0)/4 = 2.5 it reduces the 3.33 to 2.50 No it wont be upward it will be downward sloping if the rate is 0 in year four character referencehttp//www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketriskpremium.aspaxzz1uEeDH1nd http//www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/Unemployment-Rate.topicArticleId-9789,articleId-9735.html http//inflationdata.com/inflation/inflation_ar ticles/calculateinflation.asp http//www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation.aspaxzz1lAEXt7uC http//research.stlouisfed

3G Services in India

Indias much awaited third generation (3G) alert operate auction was reschedule to February 2010 as we shared in our earlier news. Before the long evaluate 3G auctions, telecommunication experts cognizant prospective operators to search for the High-end clients in their existing subscriber base and conspire to them to shift to senior high speed transfer with the 3.5G that the third generation spectrum would facilitate.The telecom experts location at a 3G India Mobile Operators Executive Summit was that the new attend could lead to explosive 3G festering in India with unhopeful cost UMTS enable mobile phones. It would enable cheaper download of several applications similar Mobile TV, Video clips of films and Sports like Cricket, Education network Gaming and Entertainment for hi-end users, voice and video callings would be cheaper on 3G. The State footrace telecom operator Bhart Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd (MTNL) who wee been providing 3Gmob ile work for some months and still only licensees to provide the 3G mobile and broadband dish out in India, enlightened the operators assembled with their own experience in the much hyped 3G domain.Indias foremost 3G mobile service operator MTNL s Chief General Manager (Wireless Services-Delhi), A. K. Bhargava pointed out how the problem was not in technology but in ancillary work like billing and customer management. The customer does not care whether it is 3G or 2G we have to educate him on what benefits to expect from 3G. MTNL had fewcustomers to begin with but formerly the benefits were explained we had one lakh new 3G customers in just a month. The higher tariff at the beginning restricted usage but when tariff came down, customer base multiplied, he added. His view was that it was too early to talk of 3G services becoming popular with bottom of the pyramid customers. But for the service to be profitable, the customer search should include middle level users as well as hi- end ones. The potentialcustomers could be preselected from the existing subscriber base and told more or less what 3G could mean to each one of them.The MTNL executive suggested that operators must pick up 3G as a tool for enhancing efficiency, productivity and as promoting a changed life style and not as a mere upgrade on 2G.According to the BSNL principal general manager for value added services, Mr. S. S. Sirohi, 3G would be most popular with those who need to use Internet while on the head for the hills. Download is quick with 3G bandwidth he pointed out taking a leaf out of his companys offer of 3G services in the last few months. Live TV would be most popular and also network games with 3G availability. Mr. Sirohi advised theprospective operators to offer a bouquet of services on 3G different from the ones they were so far offering on the 2G networks. Opportunity for network games is enormous on 3G networks. This bouquet of services would drive the quest for rising modal(a ) revenue per user. Among other services that 3G would make popular, would be family services like multi-media. Operators should configure services before they begin to offer the higher bandwidth. Educate the customer to disc all over that for many of the hi-end services, 3G base would be much cheaper for him.The experts also wanted the cost of handsets that puke enable use of 3G, to be cheaper than what they are today. A handset costing Rs 5,000 may not be cheap by our standards Mr. Bhargava pointed out. It should come down to Rs.3000 or even less. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) member R. N. Prabhakar advised the operators to use existing 2G networks to transmit 3G service also, to reduce costs enabling them with right packet. HSPA enabled networks would be able to handle 3G transmission. He assured mobilecustomers that the governor would keep a watch on the quality of service of 2G operation even as networks move on to provide 3G services.Mr. Avner Amran, chief ope rating officer of leading 3G network provider TTI Telecom, a universal company with comprehensive 3G network operator service solutions experience in several continents likened the explosive growth of telecomin India as more a kind of revolution than evolution, any operator going into 3G needs to prepare for the switching by advance preparation of the potential customer and lining up adequate applications, he told a select audience at the summit organised by Bharat Exhibitions.Bharat Exhibitions MD Mr. Shashi Dharan said 3G about to become a reality from a dream emphasizing the context of the event. The 3G auctions are expected to dissolve by FebruaryThere will be three type of customers to drive 3G in india. 1. Business lot using phones as Data Modem. Some thing similar to Reliance NetConnect or Tata Photon+. Pricing should be comparable to exiting broadband plans. 2. Connected Generation which needs to own one device to manage at that place social networks e.g. skype,twitter,fa cebook and always connected. 3. Parents of IT generation the great Indian Middle class who can always do with easy to use video phone services.1. This delay of over three years has deprived Indian subscribers of the benefits of high-speed mobile entropy services, which is proven to affect positively the domestic economy2. 3G will accept to offer data related services and also some innovative video VAS services. free millions of people access to broadband Internet in a short span of time.3. This is also an luck for Indian developers to join efforts with operators to develop applications that will meet the needs of the Indian mobile user. And because of the size and India software skills, these could be rolled out into other emerging markets.4. Moving 3G will enable high-speed data transfer enhance the user experience on services like live video streaming and many other graphic formats. As 3G is packet based, it uses wireless spectrum more efficiently than circuit switched format s.5. The thudding data transfer problems that subscribers faced with 2.5G will be improved by 3G. Also other services will be benefited by the higher bit pipe provided by 3G like music download or Internet applications/search. It will help operators offer rich content and new services such as mobile commerce, mobile music, video-based services and hi-speed mobile Internet services6. One of the biggest benefits for operators in India for first appearance 3G is to provide additional spectrum for voice services. Many operators are starved of spectrum and as 3G offers four to five quantify the voice capacity of 2G spectrums, it is a cost-effective tool to deliver voice7. Still India has a shortsighted broadband penetration (as of March 2008 there were only 6.22 million broadband subscriptions). mainly because the large untapped rural market. Is a big challenge to provide high bandwidth in rural areas using set lines. With 3G, network operators can offer wireless broadband services. Empowering services like telemedicine, virtual marketplace and e-learning can help to make peoples life better.8. According to (FICCI), in India, 3G subscriber base is expected to reach 90 million by 2013, accounting for 12% of the overall wireless user base. By 2013, 3G service revenues are expected to generate $15.8 billion, accounting for a share of 46% in overall wireless service revenue. There will also be an increase in the share of non-voice services, including data card access, and short messaging service. The Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) from these services is expected rise from the set 9% to nearly 23%.2010.The Indian telecommunications effort is the worlds fastest growing telecommunications industry,123 with 688.38 one million million million telephone (landlines and mobile) subscribers and 652.42 Million mobile phone connections as of July 2010 4 It is also the second largest telecommunication network in the world in terms of return of wireless connections after China.5 The Indian Mobile subscriber base has increased in size by a factor of more than one-hundred since 2001 when the number of subscribers in the country was approximately 5 million6 to 652.42 Million in July 2010.4As the fastest growing telecommunications industry in the world, it is projected that India will have 1.159 billion mobile subscribers by 2013.78910 Furthermore, projections by several leading global consultancies indicate that the total number of subscribers in India will exceed the total subscriber count in the China by 2013.78 The industry is expected to reach a size of 344,921 crore (US$76.23 billion) by 2012 at a growth rate of over 26 per cent, and generate employment opportunities for about 10 million people during the same period.11 According to analysts, the domain would create direct employment for 2.8 million people and for 7 million indirectly.11 In 2008-09 the overall telecom equipments revenue in India stood at 136,833 crore (US$30.24 billion) during t he fiscal, as against 115,382 crore (US$25.5 billion) a year before.

Original Olympic Games Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Original Olympic Games - Research Paper ExampleAlthough, the spirit by which this fiesta was revived again in this present world involves replicating that same concept on which quaint Olympics originated. solely unfortunately the cloning was non successful due to insufficient data and absence of actual union of the festival. The fact that Olympics in ancient Greece, originated as a result of social, emotional and religious needs quite an than a commercialized value is a major factor in the distinguished grade among devil societies. The original Olympic festival in the time when Zeus was worshipped as god had an torrential social value as compared to todays modern world Olympics. The C every Let us look at the history of Olympics before we extend our debate on the above jump onnda. It was named after capital of Washington a city in Greece located near the western coast of the Peloponnese, where these events started. According to many researchers and literary productions avail able it is estimated that these events started around 776 BC and remained until 395 AD (Swaddling 1984). The festival was announced once every four course of instruction and on hearing the call, Greek citizens from all over the world poured in for celebrations. By land all the spectators from the neighboring areas used to flood in Olympia, the venue for all these spectacular events. Olympia was situated on the river Alpheios mainly the northern bank. It was a remote area with nice natural habitats at the foot of a famous hill called Kronos a name given in the honor of Cronus, father of Zeus (Swaddling 1984). So one of the possible routes was over the waters and thousands of enthusiasts also joined the sea caravan from as furthermost as Africa and Spain. Therefore, it was a call no one could reject or ignore. Despite the fact that this was not an easy journey about 40000 Greek citizens used to witness this outstanding event. This shows nothing nevertheless their dedication and r espect of this enormous occasion. The distance they had to travel was huge and the means of tran athletic contest not even alike(p) to the present world. The festival was held normally during summer in the mid august or mid phratry which was the hottest time of the year. Many would question the logic of keeping such a strenuous event in such an extreme weather. But in my view, the time was suitable and carefully chosen. Most of the people during that age relied on growing crops and were farmers, this time of the year was ideal as they had just finished with the hard figure out of harvesting their crops and were free to relax and enjoy the celebrations. There were no proper roads and the pathway was robustious with many obstacles as Olympia was a far isolated place. Robbery and mugging was just a couple of(prenominal) of many fears on the way to their destination (Crowther 2007). However, there was a universal Olympic truce that kept hostile forces under control. One of the bes t possible ways to reach Olympus was by boat but again pirates and shipwreck were a constant threat. Still, their spirits were mountain high and they had only one parkland goal to be part of this auspicious event. Not Just a Sport If we picture Olympics today, we imply of a grand opening ceremony followed by hundreds of players participating in a sport contest. Representing their commonwealth they play for the honor of their homeland and for their own fame and pride. For the people of Greece, athletics was not only a sport it was a source of spiritual tranquility. As it is evident in many authentic literatures that in those ancient times athletic events were held at funerals as a ritual to gratify the spirit of the dead. In mainland Greece, when Mycenaean

Research paper for case study about Tort and Negligence (course Legal

For case muse about Tort and Negligence (course Legal Foundation for Accountants) - Research Paper ExampleA tort law can be described as a civil wrong non arising from a contract and in the case of negligence, one should owe due consideration to ones neighbour (Capiro Industries vs. Dickman 1990). Negligence therefore, can be described as the act of doing something a reasonable man would not do and a complainant must(prenominal) raise in such a case that the defendant owes a duty of care (Donoghue V. Stevenson 1932).In this case, it is of paramount importance for the claimant to be able to prove that the thoughtless behaviour of the defendant which is Bull Pty Ltd would have caused the loss of the lucrative contract to supply the toys in golf-club to win the claim that the subsequent loss after the action of the Dan could have been avoided in the event that he would have acted within reasonable limits. There are traditionally four elements of the tort of negligence which the plaintiff has to prove in order to be successful in winning the claim. There is need to prove that the defendant owed the plaintiff a duty of care, the defendant breached that duty by falling below pass judgment standards, the defendants conduct caused the plaintiff to suffer physical or economic disparage and the harm suffered by the plaintiff was reasonably foreseeable (Name of author and year). The four stage test has been reformed by statutory civil liability reforms in all States and Territories where recovery for loss in that situation must not be excluded by the statute. As going to be discussed in detail below, Kids P/L can establish the four elements of negligence.The House of Lords in the case of Capiro Industries vs. Dickman (1990), proposed the adoption of the following conditions where the three stages should be taken into consideration which include foreseeability, proximity as well as reasonability. In some cases it whitethorn not always follow that a duty of care

Combating corruption in the developing world Essay

Combating corruption in the developing world - Essay ExampleNumerous studies confine shown that corruption is deep- rooted in most of the developing countries. Most developing countries have mechanisms that encourage the mobilise of corruption thus making it normal practice in these countries to an extent that those opposed to it are punished. In spite of this complacency, the developing countries have witnessed the impacts of corruption and are fully aware of t its negative cause in the long- run economic progress of a country. As a result, they have taken several(prenominal) measures to reduce or possibly eliminate corruption in their countries. More developing countries have evince their resolve to combat corruption especially in response to international pressure and initiatives. However, despites notable efforts make there have been minimal real progress recorded in most of developing countries. It is against this cathode-ray oscilloscope that it is important to discuss the effectiveness of specific policies in combating corruption in developing countries. In recite to fight corruption, developing countries have formulated a variety of policies

Take-Home Final Exam Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Take-Home Final Exam Questions - Assignment typeAll that we ever see be the qualities of an object that our faculty of vision is capable of sensing. Hence, it implies that any habituated thing is a mere bundle of perceptions or the summation of its perceived qualities. There is zippo unwrap there that we do not have some perception of. Furthermore, since things like substance or publication is never perceived or perceived, it cannot be said to exist. And if substance does not exist and single sensed qualities be real or all are sensations, then only thinking or as Berkeley says, spiritual or mental beings exist, for according to him, it is impossible ever to think of anything except as colligate to a mind. 3. Why does Berkeley recollect it must be theology (rather than material substance) that is the cause of our perceptions? Since any accustomed thing is a mere bundle of perceptions, we know that physical objects exist since we can perceive its qualities. However, this r aises a problem when it comes to things that we do not perceive. How then do we cut the things that do exist however are not being perceived by us? Berkeley says then that there are separate limited minds, and are therefore perceiving those other things that exist, but apart from my mortal mind or that of other finite minds, there must be something or someone who is responsible for guaranteeing order in our sensations and perceptions. Moreover, something cannot come from nothing hence our finite minds must have originated from a creator. And since all human beings are always inattentive from things, there is then an omnipresent mind, which knows and perceives all things. The existence of material objects therefore depends on the existence of matinee idol, for God is the cause of the order found in nature and is the cause of the existence of our minds. These thinkers, which exist in our minds yet do not perceive, are Gods ideas, which He communicates to us so that what we per ceive by means of sensation are not to be caused by material substances, but rather, by God. Hence, God eer gives us sensations in our everyday life. He gives us certain ideas, which help us categorize in an orderly manner all our sensations. Therefore, the continued existence of objects when we do not perceive them is explained by Gods continuous perception of them. 4. Why does Hume believe that causation is not a necessary association between events, but only an observation of constant conjunction? Hume dismisses the idea of necessary connection because first, severally impression is a separate experience, and second, what give-up the ghosts in the past may not necessarily happen in the future. And in his dismissal of necessary connection, it implies that causation only happens in the mind and is only due to constant conjunction meaning we experience a series of events which happen in succession. So, if the idea of necessary connection is seen in our connecting of ideas, then causality then occurs only within our minds it is no other than a psychological law of association of ideas, a mere habit of the mind. 7. Why does Kant believe that the existence of synthetic a priori truths is such a big deal? Synthetic a priori truths already post its predicate in its subject, but are not dependent on experience and are affirmed to be universal truths. By Kants analysis and presentation of synthetic a priori truths, it enabled him to justify numerical and scientific principles, which can give us knowledge with certainty, and thereby further extending our knowledge of the world. For example, the mathematical proposition, (1 + 2 = 3) this is classified as synthetic a priori synthetic because 1, +, and 2 does not contain the idea of