KFC Macro Environment Analysis

Principal of Management POM 17 Student: Thuy LE Minh Student number: 31926529 Lecturer: Mr Dipan K Mehta Program manager:Ms Hazel Ong I. Introduction II. SWOT analysis III. Macro- environment analysis IV. Competitive environment analysis V. Application about planning, organizing, leading and controlling VI. Conclusion VII. Recommendations VIII. References I . Introduction There are many fast food companies around the world. KFC is one of the most famous brands in the global fast food industry. KFC stands for Kentucky Fried Chicken that was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders in 1955 with only $105 (â€Å"Colonel Sanders & Kentucky Fried Chicken†, n. d. ). At the beginning, KFC specialized in Original Recipe fried chicken that known as Colonel’s secret recipe. It blends of 11 herbs and spices and completes by using the basic cooking technique. Similar essay: KFC Training and DevelopmentToday, KFC expands their products variedly to serve customer like â€Å"Kentucky Grilled Chicken†, â€Å"Honey BBQ Wings† and â€Å"freshly made chicken sandwiches† (â€Å"About KFC†, n. d. ). Sales volume is an important factor to generate profit in each company. In 1971, more than 2. 7 billion pieces of chicken were sold by KFC; it marked up the sales of more than $2 billion (â€Å"Colonel Sanders & Kentucky Fried Chicken†, n. d. ). In 2008, KFC took 42 percent of the market share in the U. S. chicken quick service restaurant (â€Å"About KFC†, n. d. ). Every day, KFC restaurants prepare meals for 12 million customers in the world.Therefore, KFC’s products has been satisfied many customers around the world. Additionally, the growing number of KFC’s franchises is one of the evidences shows the development of the KFC Cooperation. In 1971, KFC Corporation contained more than 3500 worldwi de franchises compared with more than 600 KFC’s franchises in the U. S and Canada and opened the first oversea outlet in England in 1964 (â€Å"Colonel Sanders & Kentucky Fried Chicken†, n. d ). In 2002, KFC is acquired by Yum! Brands . Today, KFC owns more than 20,000 restaurants within 109 countries around the world (â€Å"About KFC†, n. . ). Started with only $105, KFC now can evaluate as a multi-billion dollars company. This report will clarify some strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of KFC, as well as the external and internal environment, and give some recommendations to help KFC becomes more successful in market. I. SWOT Analysis i. Strengths: * Good reputation, well- trained staff. According to the article â€Å"Brand values / KFC Gold standard qualities guarantee chicken that is so good! â€Å"( n. d. ), KFC ranks the highest in the Singapore and the U. S. Quick Service Restaurant Industry.Additionally, KFC has many loyal customers due t o the fact, everyday KFC serves more than 12 million people. * Delicious and strong trademarks recipes. Until now, KFC is famous for the Original Recipe fried chicken, and impressive KFC slogan is â€Å"Finger Lickin' Good† * Worldwide- recognized brand and a remarkably consistent brand identity The image of Colonel was attracted both children and their parent (Liu, 2008, p. 69). Furthermore, Liu (2008) states that Colonel’s humorousness attracts children and their parents put their trust in Colonel’s products. Strong capital position Yum! Brands Inc. which earned $ 11 billion in 2008 are controlling KFC, (â€Å"About KFC†, n. d. ) * Following C. H. A. M. P. S system (Liu,2008, p. 65) C- Cleanliness H- Hospitality A- Accuracy M- Maintenance P- Product Quality S- Speed * Good advertising campaign Weekly one KFC commercial can attract nearly 185 million people to see (â€Å"About KFC†, n. d. ). * Convenient locations, it is easy to access to KFC†™s restaurants. ii. Weaknesses: * Products tend to be close substitutes in the market. * In the past, KFC did use the oils contain Trans fats. Fonda, 2006) * Too many stores can lead to poor quality services ( Tice , 2010) * Unhealthy and fattening food (Cain, 2009) * Lack of providing food’s information ( KFC Singapore did not mention sugar or salt level ) (Macmullan, 2009, p. 31) iii. Opportunities: * Trend towards fast-food because it is delicious, quick and cheap ( Schlosser, 2001) * Consumers are curious about Western foods. (Liu,2008) * Chinese market is considered as the world’s fastest growing economy, KFC can choose this potential market to invest more restaurants. â€Å"Hailing China as World’s Fastest Growing Economy, Secretary-General Urges Chinese Government to Put Greater Emphasis on Social Equity, Environmental Sustainability†, 2010) * The increasing in number of young generation is tremendous. iv. Threats * Risk of new entrants due to lo w entry barrier (Luo, 2000) * Liu (2008) points out that avian flu reduced dramatically number of sale in fast food industry which always focus on chicken. * The growing trend of healthy food against fast food increase strongly. Davis (2002) states that eating fast food affects negatively to people’s health so people should say no to fast food.II. Macro- environment analysis i. Laws and Politics Singapore government controls over all companies and businesses. According to the article â€Å"Singapore Rankings†, 2012, intellectual property has the strongest security over Asian countries. Additionally, Singapore is the least dispassionate country in Asia. Corruption in Singapore’s economy is limited to minimum. In order to develop the economy, the government enacts many laws and regulations to â€Å"having the most open economy for international trade and investment â€Å"(â€Å"Singapore Rankings†, 2012).According to the article â€Å"Ease of doing busin ess in Singapore†, (n. d. ), starting a business need 3 days includes online registration with ACRA, company seal making, and work with Work Injury Compensation Insurance. Additionally, business opened in Singapore must follow â€Å"Companies Act†. ii. The Economy Singapore is considered as a top location for investment in the world, according to the article â€Å"Singapore Rankings†,2012. According to â€Å"Overview†, (2006), Singapore rated as â€Å"a solid macro economy in the world†, which is one of the most important factor in order to determine an economy.MAS- Monetary Authority of Singapore tries to keep inflation rates low, in order to keep value for the currency (â€Å"Singapore's exchange rate policy†, 2011, p. 15). CPI stands for The Consumer Price Index. In 2011, Singapore’s CPI was 5. 4% due to higher prices for accommodation, a significant increase in fuel and food (Huang, 2011). GDP is another measure of inflation, which stands for Gross Domestic Product was 5% growth in 2011. The Singapore’s economy can face with many difficulties due to the change in global economy. iii. TechnologyJohnson (1996) mentions that Singapore owns the best quality of the employees in Asian countries. They are literate and good at using computers. Thank for the development of IT in Singapore, KFC can be more easily generate their business here, for example, online marketing or online food ordering. In addition, telecommunications such as phones or mobile phones are developing rapidly in Singapore. Therefore, KFC can contact with their customers by phone or order food by using phone. v. Demographics According to the article â€Å"Population trends 2011† , (2011, p. 1), Singapore had 5. 8 million people at the end of 2011. It was 2. 5 times bigger than 2. 1 million people were at the end of 1970. Total population in Singapore includes both residents and non- residents. Between 2010 and 2011, total number of c itizens increased 0. 8%, and non – residents increased 6. 9 %. Therefore, people who went to Singapore to work or study were a significant factor contributed for Singapore’s population. According to the article â€Å"About KFC† (n. d. ), KFC focus on family and friends of all ages. However, between 2000and 2010 , there was slightly reduced in number of married people ( from 61. % down to 59. 4%) (â€Å"Population trends 2011†,2011,p. 1). It can affect negatively to KFC business. However, according to the article â€Å"Population trends 2011† , (2011, p. 7), the proportion of children who under 15 year sold took 20% up to 24% in 2011, these factor could positively affect to KFC business in Singapore. Due to the reason is that when a family goes out, their children will decide what places or restaurants to eat (Liu, 2008, p. 69). In Singapore, Chinese are the majority amongst other ethnic groups like: Malaysians, Indians and so on (â€Å"Population trends 2011†, 2011,p. 29).Additionally, KFC has a strong position in Chinese’s mind because of KFC considered as more â€Å"Chinese† performance than other brands (Liu, 2008, p. 70). So, KFC will face more advantages when expand their business in Singapore. On the other hand, Singapore has well- trained workforce as well as the best skilled labour in Asia, so it will provide good skilled employees for KFC . iv. Social Issue and the Natural Environment According to the article â€Å"Food and Beverage work group report†,(n. d. , p. 54), societal trend towards eating outside rather cooking and eating at home amongst Singaporeans.So, it creates more chance for Food and Beverage services expand its business. For instance, in 2008 there were 306 new fast food outlets were established compared with more 376 new outlets were opened in Singapore (â€Å"Economic Surveys Series†, 2011, p. 7). III Competitive environment analysis i. Competitors: KFC must compet e with many direct competitors in the global fast food industry. For example, Burger King, BBQ, Mc Donald’s, Wendy’s and so on. All of them are strong rivals based on their ability to gain market share, as well as their ambition to become the leader of the fast food industry.Additionally, fast food industry is saturated. Products are not easily differentiated. Almost of all fast food, restaurants currently lack of product differentiation. Their menu contains small types of foods such as hamburgers, chicken, french-fries. Therefore, some customers may feel difficult to eat these types of foods frequently. In order to compete with other strong rivals in the market, even it is difficult; KFC tried their best to distinguish their products. For example, pop corn chicken, egg tarts and so on.Based on lacking of product differentiation, as well as tremendous increase in competitors, fast food industry is control by Red Ocean Strategy recently. ii. New entrants: The threats of entry are quite high for fast food industry in general. Capital requirements are one of important factors, Jekanowski (1999, p. 15) shows that 2 main huge parts of company’s expense are cost of materials and employee’s salaries. In order to open some fast food outlets, company must consider some other factors such as rental cost, marketing, utilities and so on. iii. Substitutes and Complements:In consumers’ opinion, fast food attracts them because it is convenient, tasty, and cheap. However, nowadays, many research papers show the negative impact of eating fast food on health and encourage people to limit fast food consumption ( Schlosser, 2001) . KFC have to face with significant substitutes due to some companies who focus on healthier food but also low price strategy will adapt strongly to customer’s demand. iv. Customers: KFC aims to final customers. Schlosser (2000) states that nowadays, many women go to work, instead of cooking at home traditionally , fast food helps them to prepare meals for family.Furthermore, half of their food spending is for fast-food restaurants. Once again, the trend of eating outside amongst Singaporeans creates more chance for KFC expand their business especially in Singapore (â€Å"Food and Beverage work group report†, n. d. , p. 54). Additionally, a quarter of Americans select fast food for their meals every day ( Ransohoff, n. d. ). Therefore, KFC has many potential customers in order to satisfy those people and gets interest back. v. Suppliers: Bargaining power of suppliers is quite low due to some reasons. First, fast food industry especially KFC restaurants require common materials for producing.For example, chicken, breads, beef, potatoes and so on. Therefore, these materials are available and low cost of purchase. Secondly, there are many suppliers provide those stuff want to cooperate with KFC which means ability to raise prices can be limited. Table 1: Competitive environment analysis based on Porter’s Five Forces Porter’s Five Forces| Environmental Factor| Unattractive| Attractive| Competitors| x| | Threat of entry| x| | Substitutes| x| | Suppliers| | x|Customers| | x| V. Application about planning, organizing, leading and controlling i. Application about planning: One of KFC’s weaknesses is poor quality of service. Therefore, KFC may set their goals to increase customer satisfaction in 1 month. Then, KFC can achieve that goal by providing staff training workshops. They should know more about consumer behavior, and customer psychology in order to satisfy customer’s needs. These information can support by people who have good knowledge about customers. After these workshops, KFC should collect customer’s feedback whether staff perform better or not. ii.Application about organizing: KFC focus on satisfy customers to generate profits and improve its reputation. Each department includes in KFC have to respond its function to achiev e company’s goals. Departments such as marketing department, production department have their own leader like marketing manager, production manager, respectively. KFC must make sure that all of their department not only finish their tasks but also coordinate with other departments. Therefore, KFC need a good organizational structure to achieve its goals. For example, marketing managers need to plan a promotion campaign to introduce new products.They must cooperate with finance departments to determine the promotion budget. So, integration coordinates labor’s efficiency iii. Application about leading: KFC can choose relationship-motivated leadership style to control company. As a result, managers should build good relationships with employees, narrow the distance between managers and workers. Managers should care more about workers, satisfy their needs, and show company’s respectability toward employees. For example, managers can give more bonuses for workers in order to encourage them to finish their duty perfectly. iv. Application about controlling:KFC should follow clan control to achieve its targets. The managers should discuss with followers to make decision. For example, chiefs, cashiers and waiters who have more chances to communicate with customers can contribute many worthy ideas. Conclusion: This report mentions SWOT analysis, macro-environment analysis focus on Singapore, and competitive-environment analysis of KFC in Singapore then give some recommendations. KFC has good brand image in customers’ mind. However, KFC lacks of product differentiation amongst their strong competitors. The change in demographic can affect positively to fast food industry especially KFC.On the other hand, the trend towards healthy food can against the development of fast food. The macro environment focuses on five mains parts which are Law and politics, economy, technology, social issues and demographic. In Singapore, government open their laws and regulations to attract overseas investment. Moreover, the economy in Singapore is quite stable, with the development of technology help Singapore become a potential market for KFC. Moreover, Singaporeans prefer eating outside rather than cooking at home is one of the advantages for the development of KFC in Singapore.The competitive environment mentions five factors are competitors, threat of entrants, suppliers, customers, and substitutes. KFC has to face with many currently strong competitors, as well as new rivals. However, KFC lacks of its products differentiation. Some actions can help KFC in order to achieve good management through process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling. In conclusion, KFC is invited a really potential market especially in Singapore, they should develop their advantages as well as limit the disadvantages as much as possible to satisfy customers. Recommendation:In order to gain more customers satisfaction, KFC can do some renovations. Fir st, KFC should make differentiated products to compete with its rivals. For example, create new menu contains vegetarian food besides normal menu. Additionally, provides food in a variety of food sources like pork, lamb and so on. Secondly, KFC can give customer reward points for purchasing KFC’s products to get customer loyalty. Furthermore, birthday cards or small gift in customer’s birthday can build a better relationship. KFC can increase its sale volume and advertise its brand widely by running corporate discounts with its complements such as Pepsi, and Nestle.Last but not least, KFC need to care more about their customers by gathering customer’s information. Therefore, it is easier to collect their feedback as well as do customer loyalty program. All of these things above need a strong finance to support, however, its benefit definitely outweigh its cost. | ReferencesAbout KFC. (n. d. ). KFCfranchise. Retrieved March 9, 2012, from http://www. kfcfranchise. com/about-KFC-fried-chicken-business. phpBrand values / KFC Gold standard qualities guarantee chicken that is so good! . (n. d. ). KFC. Retrieved March 9, 2012, from http://kfc. com. g/about-us-goldstandard. phpCain, S. (2009, June 14). The worst restaurant of the year award goes to Kentucky Fried Chicken. The Health Wyze Report. Retrieved March 9, 2012, from http://healthwyze. org/index. php/component/content/article/134-the-worst-restaurant-of-the-year-award-goes-to-kentucky-fried-chicken-kfc. htmlColonel Sanders ; Kentucky Fried Chicken. (n. d. ). KFC. Retrieved March 9, 2012, from http://www. kfc. com. sg/about-us-milestone. phpDavis, L. (2002). Application of nutrition in the industry. In Hospitality Industry Handbook on Nutrition and Menu Planning. (p. 217).South Africa: Juta;Co. Ease of doing business in Singapore. (n. d. ). Doing business. Retrieved March 13, 2012, from http://www. doingbusiness. org/data/exploreeconomies/singapore/#starting-a-businessEconomic Surveys Serie s. (2011, November 24). Statistics Singapore. Retrieved March 12, 2012, from http://www. singstat. gov. sg/stats/themes/economy/biz/fnb. pdfFonda, D. (2006, June 18). KFC's Big Fat Problem. Time. Retrieved from http://www. time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1205379,00. htmlFood and Beverage work group report. (n. d. ). Ministry of Trade and Industry. Retrieved March 12, 2012, from

Basic Life Support Essay

Is the level of medical care which is used for victims of life-threatening illnesses or injuries until they can be given full medical care at a hospital. It can be provided by trained medical personnel, including emergency medical technicians, paramedics, and by laypersons who have received BLS training. BLS is generally used in the pre-hospital setting, and can be provided without medical equipment. Many countries have guidelines on how to provide basic life support (BLS) which are formulated by professional medical bodies in those countries. The guidelines outline algorithms for the management of a number of conditions, such as cardiac arrest, choking and drowning. BLS generally does not include the use of drugs or invasive skills, and can be contrasted with the provision of Advanced Life Support (ALS). Most laypersons can master BLS skills after attending a short course. Firefighter, lifeguards, and police officers are often required to be BLS certified. BLS is also immensely usef ul for many other professions, such as daycare providers, teachers and security personnel and social workers especially working in the hospitals and ambulance drivers. CPR provided in the field increases the time available for higher medical responders to arrive and provide ALS care. An important advance in providing BLS is the availability of theautomated external defibrillator or AED. This improves survival outcomes in cardiac arrest cases.[1] Basic life support promotes adequate blood circulation in addition to breathing through a clear airway: Circulation: providing an adequate blood supply to tissue, especially critical organs, so as to deliver oxygen to all cells and remove metabolic waste, via the perfusion of blood throughout the body. Airway: the protection and maintenance of a clear passageway for gases (principally oxygen and carbon dioxide) to pass between the lungs and the atmosphere. Breathing: inflation and deflation of the lungs (respiration) via the airway These goals are codified in mnemonics such as ABC and CAB. The American Heart Association (AHA) endorses CAB in order to emphasize the primary importance of chest compressions in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.[2] Healthy people maintain the CABs by themselves. In an emergency situation, due to illness (medical emergency) or trauma, BLS helps the patient ensure his or her own CABs, or assists in maintaining for the patient who is unable  to do so. For airways, this will include manually opening the patients airway (Head tilt/Chin lift or jaw thrust) or possible insertion of oral (Oropharyngeal airway) or nasal (Nasopharyngeal airway) adjuncts, to keep the airway unblocked (patent). For breathing, this may include artificial respiration, often assisted by emergency oxygen. For circulation, this may include bleeding control or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques to manually stimulate the heart and assist its pumping action.

Dickens’ finest novel Essay

â€Å"Great Expectations† is considered Dickens’ finest novel. To what extent does it deserve this reputation? â€Å"Great expectations† was written by Charles Dickens in 1860. It is centred on Pip, an orphan living with his austere sister and her mild-mannered husband Joe Gargery the blacksmith. It follows his journey from being a simple boy with few expectations, to his moving to London and becoming a ‘gentleman’, at the expense of a mysterious benefactor. I am going to write an appreciation of it, analysing its main components: The story, the structure, the characters, the narration, the setting, the language and literary devices, the themes and the social/historical context, and evaluating their success to answer the question. â€Å"Great Expectations† combines many different genres, including romance, mystery, history, action and comedy. This means it has universal appeal, and people with a wide range of interests and preferences will find something to like about it. It also means that any individual reading it can respond it on a number of different levels. Great Expectations does not have one single ‘bad guy’ – many people fill this role. Magwitch, as the convict would have been the antagonist in a traditional story of good and evil, however Dickens does not portray him as such, and even when we see him terrorising young Pip, it is portrayed in a humorous light, and we do not hate him. Pip is the hero of the story; however, at times he is the ‘bad’ character. Mrs Joe is a character that could have been portrayed as an evil hag. However she is described with restraint as ‘not a good-looking woman’, and because Dickens does not go into much detail in the descriptions of her role as Pip’s childhood tormentor make her far more realistic. In a way, when she is attacked, we feel a sense of poetic justice because she made Pip’s life a misery. This is because she is a grimly realistic character and we don’t miss her as we would a classic funnier villain (like the Murdstones in David Copperfield). This deviation from the predictable structure of good and evil, present in some of Dickens other novels, makes the novel more interesting. It is also very well plotted. Subplots eventually relate to each other or to the main plot and sometimes they even fuse with the main plot (e. g. the convict that attacked Pip on the marshes fuses with Pip’s expectations). Miscellaneous minor characters who initially appear to have only a decorative role, become components of the main plot (e. g. Jaggers’s housekeeper turns out to be Estella’s mother). Unexpected relationships between characters, either in the subplots or in various aspects of the main plot, are also present (e.  g. Estella and the convict). â€Å"Great Expectations† was not written like a conventional novel and therefore has slightly unconventional structure. It was published in weekly instalments, each comprising of one or two chapters. This means that rather than guiding the story to a general climax at the end, Dickens had to incorporate mini-resolutions of the plot. Each episode also needed a cliff-hanger style ending to ensure the audience bought the next episode. This is apparent in the ending of the first instalment, which ends: â€Å"Then I put the fastenings as I had found them, opened the door at which I had entered when I ran home last night, shut it and ran for the misty marshes. † (Chapter 2; p 13) This resolves the first major incident in the story, in that we know Pip is doing exactly as the convict has instructed and the use of the phrase ‘ran for the misty marshes’ is used to create suspense on many levels. Obviously literally it means that Pip is returning to the marshes, to see the convict. The mood and tone created by the word ‘misty’ is one of uncertainty and mystery, which mirrors Pip’s feelings regarding the incident. The phrase is also highlights the symbolism of the moment. The marshes represent the strange events that occur later in the story, namely Pip being turned into a gentleman by a mysterious benefactor and Pip is unseeingly running into them by going to the marshes. The alliteration works to emphasise this phrase and make the reader pay more attention to it, thus making them more aware of its different levels of interpretation. This continually fluctuating structure is potentially a weakness of the novel, because it could become repetitive. However Dickens uses other structural devices to break up the structure and prevent it becoming predictable. For example, he uses the mini-breaks to shift completely the focus of the story. For example, chapters 25-26 were one instalment and chapters 27-28 another. However the transition between them is not coherent and their subject matters are not related. Chapters 25 and 26 follow quite a leisurely pace, and detail relatively mundane events such as Pip attending dinners at Wemmick’s and Jaggers’s homes, and Pip engaging in a quarrel over a loan Drummle ungratefully borrowed from Sartop. The letter at the beginning of chapter 27 breaks up the story in several ways. The change in format breaks up the text and allows a change in narration – we go from hearing from Pip’s narrative voice to hearing Biddy’s. This means that the story doesn’t get monotonous, and keeps the reader engaged. The structure of this section of the story also influences the reader’s opinion of Pip. We read the letter then hear his reaction to it â€Å"Let me confess exactly with what feelings I looked forward to Joe’s coming† p179 Because Joe has been portrayed well up to this point, the reader’s initial reaction to the letter is one of happiness that Pip will be reunited with him. However when we hear that Pip regards Joe’s visit with â€Å"considerable disturbance, some mortification and a keen sense of incongruity† we form a negative opinion of him. I think this is an effective use of structure, because it allows Dickens manipulate the response of the reader, and force him/her to form emotional bonds with the characters. For example we feel sympathy towards Joe and contempt towards Pip. This would make the reader more inclined to read on (and buy more of the episodes). Characterisation is important in Great Expectations. The names of many of the characters reflect their personalities. For example, Pip and Joe are short simple names to reflect their simple upbringings. Joe keeps his name throughout, but when Pip moves to London, he adopts the name of Handel – a famous composer. This shows that he has become more cultured and sophisticated. Dickens’s well-educated audience would most certainly have studied Latin, and would have thus been aware that Estella derives from the Latin word for star. This highlights her radiance and beauty, but shows how unattainable she is to Pip. Pip, who can only just read English, let alone Latin, is unaware of this but still comments that â€Å"her light came along the dark passage like a star†. (p49) ‘Jaggers’ sounds like jagged. This reflects the fact that he is a hard-nosed man, with a sharp mind. ‘Pumblechook’ is a long name that suits his pompous, foolish attitude. These ‘characternyms’ allow the reader to create a picture of the characters, without having to read lengthy descriptions. Therefore they can get to know the characters better. Pip is the protagonist of Great Expectations. His journey of self-discovery is the cornerstone of the novel. The reader’s response to the different stages of his character is integral to their response to the whole novel. Therefore Dickens begins to build up a relationship between Pip and the reader from the very beginning line: â€Å"My father’s name being Pirrip â€Å"my infant tongue could make of both names nothing longer or more explicit than Pip† (p3) This humorous anecdote serves two purposes. Firstly the humour makes the young Pip appear charming and loveable. Dickens then reveals that Pip is in fact an orphan. This is done slowly, first by mentioning a ‘tombstone’ then in the next couple of lines saying that Pip â€Å"never saw (his) father or mother†. Because we hear of Pip’s family and then hear they are dead, we share in Pip’s loss to a certain extent. This increases the audience’s sympathy for Pip, and later in the story, we are quicker to forgive him when he behaves badly. Its second purpose is to sow how simple Pip was before his expectations.

What factors causes the lack of trust in project management teams Essay

What factors causes the lack of trust in project management teams - Essay Example Today most of the organizations embrace the notion of groups or teams. Teams have become the core unit in many organizations. Part of this based on the fact that groups are effective in solving problems and learn more rapidly than individuals. The above definition of Team itself explains that a team could be formed for the specific purpose that may be to execute and manage a specific project or projects. This team can be called as project management team. Teams are particularly important when problems and decisions involve very uncertain, complex and important situations and when the potential of conflict is great. Teams are clearly more appropriate when there is not an immediate time pressure. (Ware, 1993, 1994). But teams can also bring about the worst in us. Teams can result in a situation where the whole is less than the sum of its parts. Teams can be a big waste of time and energy, can enforce norms of low productivity and can exploit, stress and frustrate members. Trust plays t he main role in functioning of any project management team. If the trust among team members is low then timely completion of projects and proper functioning of the team could not be assured.During the last few years there has been an increasing acknowledgement of the importance of trust in business interactions within the management and organizational literature. (Kramer& Tyler, 1994. Mayer, David &Schorman, 1995). Trust enables cooperation and becomes the means for complexity reduction even in situations where individual must act with uncertainty because they are in possession of ambiguous and incomplete information. It is not therefore surprising that in the current age of global and digital economy and virtuality (Tapscot, 1996) there has been an enormous interest in trust. According to Platt, Trust is essential to any team whether virtual or real. Real teams may interact day to day and chances of loosing trust may be lower but for the virtual teams where the possibility of day t o day interaction or face-to face interactions are almost negligible, possibility of loosing trust is much higher. Trust is a state of a positive confidence through subjective expectation regarding the behaviour of somebody or something in a situation, which entails risk to trusting party (Baba, 1999). It is a dynamic and emergent social relationship that develops as participants interact with each other over time and depending on situation. Jarvenppa and Leidner have conducted one of the most detailed researches, which studied Trust and Teams thus far. It highlighted significant difference in the behaviour and strategies between high and low trust teams emphasize on the clarity of roles and responsibilities among team members. Panteli and Duncan in their study of virtual teams, projects managed by virtual organizations, which involves a team of geographically far off located contractual employees, finds that the content of communication both formal and informal as well as frequency helps in building and maintaining an interactive social situation and can act as the frame for reference in constructing the trust relationship. Finally after going through different studies we can classify the different factors, which causes lack of trust among project team members. Shared goals are and should be one of the important aspects of the project management team, which cannot be taken for granted. Lack of trust may be due to lack of awareness about shared goals among team members. Generally most of the members of the team may or do not know the goals of the team and everybody have their understanding and perceptions about goals which brings distrust among team member

Response of Grass to Chemical Fertilizers Research Paper

Response of Grass to Chemical Fertilizers - Research Paper Example Do not put any fertilizer in pot E-1, 2 & 3 (Control). 6. Place all pots in lighted area 7. Water plants daily at noon or arrange automatic drip irrigation system 8. Measure plants at noon at 10 days intervals with ruler and record in notebook in units of millimeters for 50 days 9. Uproot 5 plants randomly from each pot at 5 days interval and record the oven dry weight for 50 days. Observations /Results: The data were analyzed by using statistical method for test of significance at 1% and / or 5% level of significance. In this experiment there are 5 treatments i.e 15-15-15, 46-0-0, 0-16-0, 0-0-60 and no fertilizer (Control) were replicated thrice resulting in 15 experimental units (pots).The design required is Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Table-1: Grass height (mm) at 10 DAS as affected by types of chemical fertilizers. Replications Treatments Replication Total Mean I II III 15-15-15 16 15 17 48 16 46-0-0 11 13 11 35 11.7 0-16-0 10 9 10 29 9.7 0-60-0 10 11 10 31 10.3 Control (No fertilizer) 9 10 8 27 9 Total 56 58 56 170 11.33 NB: DAS- Days after sowing Like wise all data for next dates recording grass height i.e. at 20DAS, 30DAS, 40DAS and finally 50DAS were analyzed by using CRD. Then the F value in ANOVA table is compared with the table value and then the significance is measured at 1% and / or 5% level. Finally the plant heights for all dates of observation are arranged in a single table for result discussion and conclusion. Table-6: Grass height (mm) as affected by fertilizer types at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50DAS DAS Treatments 10 20 30 40 50 15-15-15 16 25 38 48 56 46-0-0 11.7 16.3 19.6 24.5 29.2 0-16-0 9.7 12.9 14.8 15.9 18.6 0-0-60 10.3 13.4 15.3 18.3 19.5 Control (No fertilizer) 9 11.4 13.5 14.6 19.1 CD... The data were analyzed by using statistical method for test of significance at 1% and / or 5% level of significance. In this experiment there are 5 treatments i.e 15-15-15, 46-0-0, 0-16-0, 0-0-60 and no fertilizer (Control) were replicated thrice resulting in 15 experimental units (pots).The design required is Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Like wise all data for next dates recording grass height i.e. at 20DAS, 30DAS, 40DAS and finally 50DAS were analyzed by using CRD. Then the F value in ANOVA table is compared with the table value and then the significance is measured at 1% and / or 5% level. If the mean difference between 5 treatments was more than the CD then the application of chemical fertilizer did not have any significant effect on the grass height and they were at par with each other. If the difference exceeds the CD value then the treatments were different from each other or in other words the application of fertilizer was having significant effect on the grass height and dry matter accumulation. My original hypothesis was that application of chemical fertilizer (15-15-15) to soil would be better over the control. My results showed that application of chemical fertilizer was having significant effect on the grass height and dry matter accumulation over the same period of growth.

Encryption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Encryption - Essay Example Chung takes V2 kL mod n1 received from Lilly and operates on it by exponentiation modulo n1 with kC to give V2 kLkC mod n1. He intends to use this as session key ks1C to encrypt his message to a client. Ks1C = V2 kLkC mod n1 = 37(127*234) mod 257 = 133 mod 257 Step 4 Lilly takes V1 kC mod n1 received from Chung and operates on it by exponentiation modulo n1 with kL to give V1 kCkL mod n1. She intends to use this as session key ks1L to attempt to decrypt Chung's message to a client. Ks1L = V1 kCkL mod n1 = 126(234*127) mod 257 = 252 mod 257 (b) If Chung and Lilly had both picked the value V4 for their parts of the key exchange using the method illustrated in part (a), the result would be a session key of 192. Complete Table A4 to show how a session key ks = 192 might be encrypted with the client's public key, and then decrypted by the client on receipt. Table A4 Encryption of the session key Step 1 The value for the session key ks supplied in Question 2 Part (b). ks =192 Step 2 The value for the modulus n2 supplied in Question 2 Part (b) n2 =26 Step 3 The value of the session key ks written as text ks expressed in text = one nine two Step 4 A suitable value for Tait's public key KT KT = 15 Step 5 The session key ks encrypted with Tait's public key KT. { ks} KT = C T: {R}ks, {ks}KT = CNINQNIZSC Step 6 __ A suitable value for Tait's private key KT __ KT =7 Step 7 The result of decrypting the encrypted session key __ using Tait's private key KT {{ks}KT}KT = ONENINETWO Question 3 Complete the following unfinished sections in the main body and appendix of the report printed in the appendix to this companion, and referred to in the 'Background for Questions...Today, the encryption process involves altering and rearranging bits of digital data using a systematic procedure that can be converted into a computer program. Encryption is a commonly used method for providing a certain degree of security in technology-based systems. Simple encryption methods include the substitution of letters for numbers, the rotation of letters in the alphabet or the "scrambling" of voice signals by inverting the sideband frequencies. The more complex methods use sophisticated computer algorithms that rearrange the data bits in digital signals. Data is converted into a series of numbers which are then used as input into calculations. The calculated results become the encrypted data (Case Resource). In 1976 the idea of public key encryption was introduced to the field of cryptography. The idea revolved around the premise of making the encryption and decryption keys different so that the sender and recipient need not know the same keys. The sender and the recipient will both have their own private key and a public key would be known by anyone. Each encryption or decryption process would require at least one public key and one private key (Mycrypto.net 2008). Public key encryption techniques or asymmetric key systems avoid the need to distribute keys in secret. Symmetric key systems are those which allow the decryption process to be derived from the encryption key.

Organizations draw specific and directive plans that are aligned to Essay

Organizations draw specific and directive plans that are aligned to specific and strategic objectives and goals - Essay Example An overall organizational analysis will yield substantial information that will help in understanding the strategies and their effectiveness in deriving the desired results. Hence, an analysis and evaluation of these strategies at various levels will be conducted. These would include an industry analysis, analysis of competitors and competition, analysis of strategic capabilities including resources, skills abilities etc, an analysis of Starbucks market position and its products’ success rates. These analyses will be carried out on the basis of established tools and techniques. Industry perspective: Despite its immense success and rigorous growth, Starbucks is experiencing increased pressure from various external forces. Through PESTEL analysis, the impact of these external forces namely, political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legislative entities can be assessed. Competition perspective: Competition always remains a rapidly growing threat for any busine ss. Hence, business owners need to be aware of the nature of these threats in order to remain sustainable in the market. Porter’s five force model helps in assessing the nature of competition. This model considers five forces namely, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of entry of new competitors and degree of rivalry between existing competitors. An analysis based on this model will give a comprehensive idea of the position of Starbucks and the direction and/or steps it needs to take in order to remain competitive. Capabilities perspective To sustain competitive position and grow, businesses require certain prerequisite attributes in their resources that are valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable. These attributes together are referred to as the VRIN, and provide value-creating strategies. An assessment of the resources and capabilities of Starbucks on this model will provide a clear picture of its strengths and weaknesses. Market perspective: An organization that produces diversified products and services needs to be constantly assessed and evaluated for its products and services in comparison with the market. Such an analysis can be accomplished using the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix in which businesses/product lines are categorized into four categories namely, question mark, star, cash cow, and dog. This tool shows products’ performance in terms of market share and market growth; thereby, it assists in managing specific business components in a manner that minimizes loss and maximizes profits. Recommendations and conclusions: Based on the analysis, recommendations for products/services that should be offered by Starbucks and the markets they should target will be proposed. Probable References Porter, M.E. 1979. How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy. Harvard Business Review. Hill, C and Jones, G. 2009. Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach. 9th ed. OH: Cengage Learning. Kotler, P and Armstrong, G. 2003. Principles of Marketing. London: Prentice Hall. Silver, D. 2009. The Social Network Business Plan: 18 Strategies That Will Create Great Wealth. NJ: John Wiley and Sons. Zhang, W-B. 2010. Economic Growth and Gender Division of Labour with Creativity, Knowledge Utilization, and Capital Accumulation. In Rodrigues, S.

LETTER OF LEGAL ADVICE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

LETTER OF LEGAL ADVICE - Essay Example Moreover, it also puts forward some of the legal advices that are needed to be considered in order have a lawful advantage in this corrupted era. Acceptance is an expression or implication of undertaking something, which is being offered. In legal terms, acceptance of a contract is an expression or the willingness by an individual or a party undertaking the contract that is being offered by ran offerer. In this regard, one party accepts the terms and conditions of a contract or deal as stated by the other (Krol, 1993). To begin with, ‘Conditional Acceptance’, is a form of contractual acceptance where the acceptance is made on the account of fulfilment of certain conditions. Elaborately, the party who accepts the offer of contract considers the same only if certain conditions lay down by the acceptor are fulfilled by the party who offered the contract (Meena, 2008). This is evident from the fact of Malago Pty Ltd v AW Ellis Engineering Pty Ltd [2012] NSWCA 227, where a prominent depiction of the conditional acceptance was observed. The Head of the Agreement in this case proposed a condition of compelling the total water surface to the respondent. The decisions by the court were that both the parties should consider the surrounding circumstances. The court also rejected the agreement due to the lack of formalities. The court further, implemented that a conditional acceptance needs to have the formal guidelines and also requires considering the surrounding circumstances. From the case, i t can be learnt that for any firm to have legal advantages in the contracts, adequate formalities and official procedures should be considered. Therefore, from the case analysis it can be stated that to have an effective conditional acceptance, a company should meet all the legal requirements amid the parties (Allens, 2012). Furthermore, there are witnesses in case of people accepting the offer of caution money of rent, only if

Leaking waste containers ( ethics ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leaking waste containers ( ethics ) - Essay Example As a result the methods adopted by Tom Treehorn, could very well result in problems for the ABC Company. Environmental agencies are very much particular about the methods, which are adopted by the companies in disposal of the chemical wastes and they take tough action against erring companies. Hence Scott should warn Tom that if he does not follow the company ethics and rules of waste disposal, the matter could be brought to the notice of his superiors, since it could adversely affect the interests of ABC Company. 2. Should Scott inform Tom that he will not interfere with Tom’s plan? But he will not help him with it either. Answer: Scott very well knows that Tom is really not serious about preventing environmental problems that will be caused by ABC, if chemical wastes are not disposed properly and is only looking at ways by his workload is lessened and also finding ways to profit him. Scott being the Engineer of ABC and being given the responsibility of inspecting the warehou se, should never agree to Tom’s plan because it will affect his company. Being an employee to the ABC Company he would be taking the wrong decision by allowing Tom to dispose the chemical waste, by adopting his own time tested ways, which are very much against the rules, set by the Environmental Protection Agency. Thus Scot should never tell Tom that, he will not interfere with his way of disposing the chemical waste nor should he be given the assurance that Scott will not interfere in such matters. 3. Should Scot advise Tom not to go ahead with his plan? But not interfere if Tom insists on going ahead anyway? Answer: Scott being the Engineer of the ABC Company has got the authority to tell Tom regarding the best methods, which are to be adopted by companies in dealing with the disposal of the chemical wastes. Since it is a very serious matter that can undermine the ABC Company’s interest, future and also at the same time result in severe forms of penalties from the En vironmental Protection Agency and closure of the company operations, he should really advise Tom not to go ahead with his plan for the chemical waste disposal. Even after all this advise being given by Scott to Tom to follow the company norms, Tom still insists in going ahead with his plans of the chemical waste disposal, then Scott has to interfere and inform Tom’s superior and also the top management of the ABC company, since this could in the future become a serious issue for ABC. 4. Should Scott say nothing and help Tom with his plan? And why? Answer: If Scot says nothing to Tom’s stated plans for the chemical waste disposal of the ABC Company and allows him to go forward as per his own plan, then it will show that Scott is not a good employee of ABC. Scott being the Engineer is being entrusted with the duty of the warehouse inspection and to find out defects that are existing within it and take corrective actions to rectify the faults. If he decides to agree to To m’s plans, then he will be endangering not only his employment as Engineer within ABC but also the whole company’s future, since if the Environmental Protection Agency comes to know the illegal methods of chemical waste disposal adopted by Tom, then they could take severe action against the ABC Company. Hence Scott should not help Tom in going ahead with his plans but has to strictly warn Tom regarding the future adverse impacts, which his

Falcon Computer Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Falcon Computer Company - Essay Example The higher management was great in formulating the values to be followed by the employees but only formulation was not the very success of it. The prime influencing factor is in appropriately propagating the values and the support of the management to exercise in practice. â€Å"Attention to detail is our trademark; our goal is to do it right the first time†. However it was observed that the design flaws caused the main hurdle and in the first place it needed to be corrected to prevent flaws in the forthcoming steps. Employees were pressurized to rush for getting the product out to the customers without putting a check on the quality. Employees were afraid of their immediate manager which would result in insult and embarrassment. The employees did not feel safe to stand up to the problems they were facing. The culture statement promising to encourage open, direct, person-to-person communication as part of the daily routine was not at all followed in practice. At Flacon it was more of secrecy than openness. Even after the value document was formulated and was expected to be followed, lack of management enforcement was greatly lacking to get the values embedded into the employees. If the formulators are themselves lack the will t support the values and make sure they create examples so that there is an evidence of its usage in the proper context, the employees cannot be expected to envelope anything from it. It will stay in the books only. Lack of interest from the employee side was a turnaround feature in exercising the values. They did not take it seriously and never bothered to come up with valuable suggestions so as to prove that there was an initiative from their side. They have never held the management accountable for the non-compliance of values. They instead have understood what was really emphasized in the organization namely hierarchy, secrecy and expediency. They never moved out of their comfort zone to take a stand. The lack of initiative also made the other employees to follow the similar notion to take a back seat.  Ã‚  

The stock exchange market in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The stock exchange market in the UK - Essay Example This observance is furthered by the fact that the stock market in UK is weak-form efficient, while some capital market studies have called the stock exchange more towards being semi-strong-form efficient. Smith (2004) by studying the grain futures market pointed towards semi-strong form efficiency of the stock exchange because of the release of large trader position information. Further studies have compared the share prices after the takeover announcement with the bid offer. It was found that the share prices immediately adjusted to the correct levels.   Hence the study concluded that the stock market in the United Kingdom was semi-strong-form efficient.It must however be remembered that the market's ability to efficiently respond to an event like a takeover announcement which is widely publicized and short term in nature does not reflect on the market’s efficiency as is related to long term factors. David Dreman has pointed out that an instantaneous response is not always an efficient one and that the long-term performance of the stock market also needs to be considered before labeling a market efficient.The efficient-market hypothesis (EMH) states that the financial markets are "information efficient". As a result of this efficiency based on information, it is impossible to achieve constant returns that are greater than the average market returns, given the information that is available at the time of the investment.The advent of industrial revolution brought about the growth of a growing affluent merchant class.

Financial managment Essay Example for Free

Financial managment Essay Education  in Pakistan KoolFree. Education  is only the weapon by which one can fight and conquer the battle of life. Theeducation  has been a very essential part of the different civilization of the   5. Education  problem in Pakistan  Essay  | Study Aim www. studyaim. com/2014/01/15/education-problem-in-pakistan-essay/? Jan 15, 2014   Education  problem in Pakistan  Essay. Here we discuss about the problem  education  system in pakistan so all viewers read  essay  with. Essay on Education  in Pakistan | Pacans Online – A Free   ww. pacansonline. com/content/essay-on-education-in-pakistan/? Jul 19, 2013   Education  is a fundamental human right. Pakistan is among those developing countries where people are mostly deprived of good quality   7. Why Is  Education  so Important  Essay   Ask. com www. ask. com †ºÃ‚  QA  Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚  Society  Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚  Other? Writing an  essay  on the importance of  education  for all is a great topic. Include statistics about drop out rates and the unemployment problem. Essay on education  system in Pakistan | Pacans – IELTS Lahore www. pacans. om/ essays essays/essay-on-education-system-in-pakista? Dec 5, 2013   Essay on education  system in Pakistan. The education system in Pakistan is not very good. It needs a lot of financial resources to establish so   9. Education  system in Pakistan –  Essay   Notes of life www. aamirilyas. com/education-system-in-pakistan-essay/? by Aamir Ilyas  Ã‚  in 52 Google+ circles Aug 24, 2012   An  essay on education  system in Pakistan, levels and types of education and educational institutions. English medium, run by education   10. Education essay   College  Essays   Tmjohnson04 StudyMode. com www. studymode. com †ºÃ‚  Home  Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚  Education? Rating: 4. 5 ? 2 votes Tabitha Johnson Professor Penner English 1551. February 21, 2011. Education EssayEveryone would agree that  education  is a fundamental way of life. Searches related to  essay on education essay on  importance of  education short  essay on education essay on education  is the key to success what is  education importance of  education essay on education  system quotes  on education essay on  terrorism.

Computers In Our Life Media Essay

Computers In Our Life Media Essay We cannot imagine our life without computers. The fact is that they are so important that we can not exist without them. Since 1948, they are everywhere around us. When the first real computer has been invented our life has changed so much that we can call it real digital revolution. First computers were differed from todays ones. The first well-known computer in the world was ENIAC, the Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator. ENIAC took up an entire room, generated quite a bit of heat, and did much less work than a standard PC or laptop of today. Still, for its time, it was a huge leap forward. Computers progressed from punch-card programming to actual written programs with commands built in. Scientists today are working on computers with artificial intelligence that can think for themselves within defined limits. This development could have huge advantages. Think of a vacuum cleaner that can identify a dusty spot and go back to clean it up, or a dishwasher that identifies when the dishes are not quite clean, and runs for another five minutes. Computers created the information age, where huge amounts of data could be processed. This has led to many advantages in modern life, including easily balancing your bank statement or brokerage account, using dictionary and encyclopedia programs, even planning and designing a new kinds of houses or machines and everything like this, is possible on your computer. There is software available for almost any need, and if you have a notebook or laptop computer, those programs could go anywhere you go. From writing a letter to designing a birthday card, there is nothing you could not do with a computer. The Internet also has brought even more drastic changes. Using your computer, you could go online, and access the Worldwide Web (WWW). You could connect to other computers, huge databases, university or county libraries, banks, or your utility company. There is hardly a bill that could not to be paid online these days no more licking stamps. If you have a friend or family member living a long distance away, you could contact them by skype or facebook for free, saving money in long-distance charges. Movies, songs, and games could be downloaded via the Internet to your computer, and many of them are free, as well. Do your banking online at 2am, or take an online class in math or basket weaving. The Internet has truly revolutionized how we connect with other people, as well as businesses. There is not one area of our lives that computers and the Internet have not affected. Nowadays they are also used by scientist and they may also be as huge as the old ones but they are millions times faster. They could perform many complex operations simultaneously and scientist practically could not do without them. Thanks to them people has access to enormous amount of information. Gathering data has never been more simple than now. They are not only used in laboratories but also in factories to control production. But not only in science and industry computers are being used. Thanks to them modern medicine could diagnose diseases faster and more thoroughly. Also in banking system computers have become irreplaceable. They control ATMs, all data is stored on special hard disks and paper is not used in accountancy any more. Furthermore, architects, designers and engineers could not imagine their work without computers. This machines are really everywhere and we depend on them also in such fields as criminology. They help police to solve crimes and collect evidence. Moreover, computers are wide-spread in education. Except their classic tasks such as administration and accountancy they are used in process of learning. Firstly, they store enormous amount of data which helps students to gain an information. Secondly, thanks to special teaching techniques and programs they improve ours skills of concentration and assimilation of knowledge. They have become so popular that not knowing how to use them means to be illiterate. While there are things to watch out for, overall most people agree that the huge advantages that have come from computers and the Internet far outweigh any disadvantages. Of course except this superb features there is also dark side of computer technology because every invention brigs us not only benefits but also threats. Some scientist said that computers are dangerous to our health. The monitors used to be dangerous for our eyesight. Nowadays due to technological development they are very safe. But there are other threats to our health than damaging our sight. Working with computers and permanent looking on the monitor could cause epilepsy, especially with children. Very often parents want to have a rest and do not draw enough attention to how long their children use computer,but this negative effects also concerns TV screen. Other main disadvantage of computers is that sometimes they brake down like everything else.And the biggest problem is when our hard disk brakes down because of the data stored on it. Other hardware is easily replaceable. But there are many ways of avoiding consequences of loosing our data, for example by saving it on compact disks. Except hardware failures there are also software ones. For example, for many years Windows Operating System was very unstable and that is why many other operating systems were written. Now the most common are Linux, Windows XP, MacOs (for Macintosh computers). Except of unstable operating systems another and maybe the main threat to our data are computer viruses. There are billions of them and every day new ones come into being. If you have the Internet connection you have to be particularly careful and download anti-virus programs. Fortunately, there are also many of them and most of them are freeware. You have to remember to download updates. But viruses ,unfortunately,are not so big disadvantage as violence and sex. The main threat to younger users of computers are internet pornography and bloody games. The presence of sexual content or level of violence should be properly marked and parents are obliged to draw their attention to this issue. There are many extremely bloody games such as grand theft auto, quake etc. For example, in GTA you are a member of mafia and to promote in crime hierarchy you should kidnap people, steal cars, robe banks etc. As a bonus you can also run over pedestrians. There are also many games in which you are a soldier and your mission is to kill as many enemies as possible. The other threat to our children is internet pornography. The availability of sexual content is enormous and you can do practically nothing to protect your child, especially when it is interested in this matter . And in the end if you spend most of your free time using computer you should go to see a psychologist,because you become a computer addictted. This is real new illness connected usually with using of social network like Facebook,My space ,Skype,etc.But if we want to understand how people became addicted to social networks and computers at all,we will try to find how this Products become so popular. The fast computer development help us for one new idea realization, so in the end of 2003 it has been popularized, a new opportunity for communication and information sharing the social networks. In the beginning were Classmates.com, SixDegrees.com, and Friendster introducing the notion of friend connection. These sites made the way for the most popular sites these days such as Facebook, MySpace, Twitter and Youtube. Each of it boasts hundreds of millions of active members around the world. It is hard to find a school or college student who does not use Facebook, MySpace or Youtube. The tipping point of the online social networks mass addiction have been reached and it will continue growing, but social networking is not just for children. In Facebook more of its users are out of school, college and university and those 25 years and older represent the fastest growing group of people. Only between June and November 2008 Facebook grew to 120 million users this means that Facebook is th e largest online social networking site in addition it also has one of the most used advertising tools. In second place is MySpace owned Fox Interactive Media it is a popular site among teenagers and adults and is known as a media and entertainment destination. Most of the celebrities have profiles there to keep connection with their fans. MySpace is similar to Facebook and offer hyper targeting capabilities. The social networks are the new era of the human connections and we may say, that today we are making the first steps to the new cyber society.Other step could be computerizing of education in schools,because children always like playing games and learning their lessons on computers. The machines present the world through pictures, music, sound and text. It is amazing and exciting. The young learners enjoy playing on computers. They would like to be a part of ICT education and wish to know more from all over our planet. In 1999, Sugata Mitra, and his colleagues dig a hole in a wall bordering an urban slum in New Delhi, install an Internet-connected PC and leave it there (with a hidden camera filming the area). They are going to observe kids from the slum who play around with the computer. They are going to know the process of learning or how do the children use it, how do they go online and then teaching each other. In August 2008 Mitra, who is Professor of Educational Technology presented how kids figured out how to use PC in their own and then taught other kids. His study found the following: I had an office in those days which bordered a slum, an urban slum, so there was a dividing wall between our office and the urban slum. They cut a hole inside that wall which is how it has got the name hole-in-the-wall and put a pretty powerful PC into that hole, sort of embedded into the wall so that its monitor was sticking out at the other end, a touchpad similarly embedded into the wall, put it on high-speed Internet, put the Internet Explorer there, put it on Altavista.com in those days and just left it there. The professor describes the process of learning between the children. He believes that the young learners can learn fast. They are interested in all over around them. They can learn English, too. According to Mitra, So eight minutes and an embedded computer seemed to be all that we needed there . English is easy because the kids use CDs and remember words when they play on the computers. Mitra s study found the following: This is the first kid who came there; he later on turned out to be a 13-year-old school dropout. He came there and he started to fiddle around with the touchpad. Very quickly he noticed that when he moves his finger on the touchpad something moves on the screen and later on he told me, I have never seen a television where you can do something. So he figured that out. It took him over two minutes to figure out that he was doing things to the television. And then, as he was doing that, he made an accidental click by hitting the touchpad youll see him do that. He did that, and the Internet Explorer changed page. Eight minutes later, he looked from his hand to the screen, and he was browsing: he was going back and forth. When that happened, he started calling all the neighborhood children, like children would come and see whats happening over here. And by the evening of that day, 70 children were all browsing. So we thought that this is what was happening: that children in groups can s elf-instruct themselves to use a computer and the Internet. The professor makes the experiment in Pakistan, the area of the Himalaya Range, too. Everywhere the children try to learn more and to teach themselves. They wish to know the English Alphabet and Mitra found The first thing that these children did was to find a website to teach themselves the English alphabet . In the end of your lecture, the professor makes conclusions. He thinks that computers can be useful educational tools when the kids discover the world around them. They can help children to learn languages and to improve the communication through the special Windows functions like browsing, painting, chatting, etc. According to Mitra, What could they learn to do? Basic Windows functions, browsing, painting, chatting and email, games and educational material, music downloads, playing video . His conclusions are important and they would be useful in the work of many teachers. Mitra s study found the following: So what was the conclusion over the six years of work? It was that primary education can happen on its own, or parts of it can happen on its own. It does not have to be imposed from the top downwards. It could perhaps be a self-organizing system, so that was and the second bit that I wanted to tell you, that children can self-organize and attain an educational objective. The idea of a hole in a wall is innovative because many children would like to have great opportunities for excellent education, work and life. The computers can be named windows of knowledge because the knowledge is a power. The important thing is not so much that every child should be taught, as that every child should be given the wish to learn. And in conclusion we want to say that the situation all over the world is very serious. Computers and computer based machines are practically irreplaceable and we can not make without them any more. They are everywhere, at our homes, schools, at work, in our cars. It is very possible that the next stage of human evolution will be some kind of superb mix of half human and half machines. On the other hand I don not think it will be the closest future. But the truth is that computers will rule the world sooner or later ,because they do not make a human mistakes and also do not have feelings ,which command human relation and work.

Synthesised by living organisms

Synthesised by living organisms Definition of biopolymer: Biopolymers are naturally occurring polymers which are synthesised by living organisms. This synthesis can occur either internally within an organisms structure, or externally in appropriate conditions. The term biopolymer also encompasses those polymers which are produced by the physical or chemical manipulation of production environments. However, depending on the terms origination, it does not strictly include those polymers produced by biological manipulating. For this reason, it is best to classify such polymers as ‘partially synthetic biopolymers. Through the chemical and physical manipulation of production environments, a large variety of biopolymers have been synthesised. Each of these newly developed biopolymers are available with unique and beneficial properties, along with the ability to biodegrade and provide a renewable source of plastic like material. Reasons why biopolymers may become increasingly important in society: Petroleum derived plastics have formed an integral relationship with modern society, providing a cheap, convenient and durable method for developing numerous consumer goods and other products. The negative impacts associated with plastic favour the use of biopolymers. Such impacts, along with other factors, involve: An overuse of non-biodegradable plastics. These plastics are produced at a rate of over 100million tonnes per year- consumption patterns which have lead to serious problems concerning environmental pollution, waste management and danger to animals. An uncertainty about the future resources of the petrochemical industry. This industry may become obsolete or produce goods too expensive for mainstream consumption. The initiatives of recycling have failed to make any great progress over the previous decades. The recent success of biocompatible plastics which have revolutionised the medical industry. The ability to use industrial waste (such as food waste) as a substrate for biopolymer production. This has the added benefit of improving waste usage and reducing other forms of pollution and treatment. Burning of electronic waste (e-waste) to recover the precious metals contained in chips and circuits. With the continued exponential growth of the electronics industry, the illegal practice of secretly burning e-waste releases many toxic gases, especially if coated in PVC. For these reasons, much interest has arisen in the design and development of biodegradable, renewable, practical and economically viable biopolymers to replace the synthetic plastics consumed today. The new age of renewable energy and waste management have resulted in great emphasis on the future of biopolymers and the relative efficiency of their production. Selected Biopolymer: PHB is a biopolymer belonging to a group of biopolymers called polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). It is also classified as a polyester due to containing an ester functional group. PHB is synthesised by the polymerisation of (R)-3-hydroxybutynl-CoA. PHB is produced by bacteria as the result of physiological stress. During this process PHB acts as an energy storage molecule to be used later when other energy sources are depleted. The most common form of PHB is poly-3-hydroxybutyrate,(as shown in the above diagram), however discussed below are the generalised notes for all PHB isomers. PHB was first discovered in 1925 by Maurice Lemoigne who concluded that bacteria could produce polyesters. However Maurices discovery was not officially recognised as PHB until its rediscovery in 1957. This stimulated much interest in the future of biopolymers, an interest which has reignited in recent years due to the environmental debate and uncertain future of the petrochemical industry. Using traditional production methods, up to 80% of the dry weight of the bacteria can be composed of PHB. Properties of the biopolymer 100% biodegradable in both aerobic and anaerobic environments Biocompatible the polymer can be naturally incorporated into and decomposed by the human body Thermoplastic Piezoelectric produces an electric potential when compressed 8 Low thermal stability 9 Ultra violet resistance 10 High melting point 175C8 Low resistance towards acids and bases 10 Transparent and lustrous High crystallinity structural arrangement 8 Stiff 8 More dense then water 10 Brittle depends on the level of crystallinity 8 Does not have chain branching it is isotactic (uniform structure) and therefore flows well during processing8 Is not soluble in water hydrophobic 8 Has a low permeable level (penetration) for oxygen, water and carbon dioxide8 Uses or potential uses of the biopolymer Relationship between uses and properties PHB could become the new material for use in bottles, bags, wrapping, nappies and other disposables where biodegradability is a concern Due to the biodegradability of PHB in both aerobic and anaerobic environments (both in the presence or lack of oxygen) there is a great incentive for the potential replacement of the polymers derived from petrochemicals. PHB is also hydrophobic, has low permeability by oxygen, water and CO2, has UV resistance, high melting point, and is isotactic properties which make PHB a suitable replacement for many plastic products. PHB can be used as a medical tool. These include surgical implants, treads and coatings. In medical applications, PHB is biocompatible with the blood and tissues of humans and other mammals. The normal metabolism of humans produces the monomer of PHB, (R)-3-hydroxybutynl-CoA,and thus does not reject the polymers use as a medical tool. Surgical implants and threads all reabsorb into the body. In the pharmaceutical industry, PHB can coat capsules and provide slow or controlled drug release. The property of biocompatibility allows this process to occur. Also, a low permeability for O2 and H2O allows it to be released slowly. The electronics industry currently burns the plastic (usually PVC) coatings around chips and circuits to retain precious metals. PHB could provide an alternative which prevents toxic gases being released by this practice. Due to the property of biodegradability, special treatment facilities could be established to extract the precious metals in an environmentally friendly manner. Potential benefits of the biopolymer to society and the environment Environmental impacts: Recycling plastic as an alternative to environmental pollution and landfill usually requires more energy compared to creating new plastic. A biopolymer with the ability to biodegrade, such as PHB, removes the need to consider the less energy efficient recycling method. Burning waste plastic to harness energy is an option towards to landfill issue, but this releases toxic gases and increases carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. Conversely, biological polymers form part of a natural cycle whereby carbon dioxide and water are used during photosynthesis and released during natural decomposition. The ability to synthesise PHB from a wide variety of carbon rich sources means that a secondary use or market can be found for some waste products. Using substrates such as industrial food waste and molasses from sugar processing reduces the need for the treatment and disposal of such wastes. The complete changeover to PHB from normal petroleum derived plastics would reduce landfill volumes by approximately 20%, given this is the percentage composition of plastics in our rubbish. This would reduce overall volumes of pollution. Societal impacts: PHB and other biopolymers have revolutionised the medical industry. PHB is biocompatible with human blood and tissues, and readily reabsorbs into the body objects such as implants and threading. The biopolymer can also be used as a material for slow releasing drugs. Improvements in this field are inevitable. Petrol derived plastics can be carcinogenic. Examples include those containing benzene and vinyl chloride. PHB is a safer material for use in containers and drink bottles where this is an inconclusive concern. Reducing the volume of landfill by 20% has the social benefit of increasing overall domestic, commercial and industrial land use. It also reduces the public ‘eyesore the landfill creates. Production of PHB using food substrates can have negative societal impacts. A higher demand for substrates which form the staple diet of developing countries may reduce the ability of these countries to purchase this food. Such a consequence would worsen the food shortages of these developing countries. HSC Chemistry Assessment Task 1: Biopolymers Current problems with the biopolymer HSC Chemistry Applying PHB as a substitute material for petroleum derived synthetic plastics would cost substantially more and offer no real performance advantages other than its biodegradability. In the production of PHB four major factors influence overall cost: the price of the substrate the effective yield achieved from that substrate the price of other input factors tedious production procedures such as the need for a pure culture of alcaligenes eutrophus The cost of harvesting the PHB directly from alcaligenes eutrophus costs approximately $8/kg. This is substantially more than the $1/kg production cost for most oil based plastics. These high costs are reflected in the relative costs of different substrates. The cost of the petrochemical substrate for polypropylene is US$0.185/kg of polypropylene . This is a large variation compared to the prices of different PHB substrates given in the following table: Substrate effectiveness based on substrate costs and yield of PHB Substrate Price of substrate (US$/kg) Yield (kg/kg of substrate) Substrate Cost (US$/kg of PHB) Glucose 0.493 0.38 1.350 Sucrose 0.295 0.40 0.720 Methanol 0.180 0.430 0.420 Acetic Acid 0.595 0.380 1.560 Ethanol 0.502 0.500 1.000 Molasses 0.220 0.420 0.520 Cheese whey 0.071 0.330 0.220 Corn Starch 0.220 0.185 0.580 Hemicellulose 0.069 0.200 0.340 In addition to the economical restraints of PHB, various mechanical issues are also apparent: PHB is stiff and brittle compared to polyethylene and polypropylene. This has hindered its wide acceptance as a practical replacement for these materials. Brittleness is directly related to the degree of crystallinity in the material. At room temperature, over time, secondary crystallisation occurs and the material becomes more brittle. The polymer chains degrade during processing The effect of the mass production of PHB on the environment has not been thoroughly investigated. While the material is biodegradable and renewable, major environmental consequences not yet identified may exist. Properties/production processes which need further research The main directions of improvement and research into modifying PHB and/or its production process can be classified into two categories: HSC Chemistry 1. Methods which involve the physical or chemical manipulation of production environments: Adding lubricants and plasticisers to prevent degrading of chains during processing. Researching new bacteria which naturally produce plasticisers along with the biopolymer to address the issue of brittleness. Such progress would directly reduce the production costs as the plasticisers otherwise added are expensive. Suppression of the secondary crystallisation that occurs over time Making products that are programmed degradable a biopolymer that allows you to control when and how it degrades. This will insure that the biopolymer remains practical while still in use. Investigating the influence of additives on PHB degrading and level of brittleness Increasing the productivity of processing techniques such as: Extrusion: the process in which blends are mixed to create a uniform product Injection moulding: the process of injecting the molten polymer into a mould to solidify Investigating which solvents used in the extraction process are most productive and efficient Distinguishing methods which decrease the production time. Time means money, and the time taken by the bacteria to produce PHB is an economical factor hindering its commercial use.

Macbeth: The Breakdown Of Character :: essays research papers

The two main characters in Shakespeare's play, Macbeth, are Macbeth himself and his wife Lady Macbeth. Their marriage seems to be mainly one of convenience for Lady Macbeth, but for Macbeth it is clearly more than that. He loves his wife, and she takes advantage of that for her own gain. She is continuously making him feel guilty, for being weak, and for not being able to give her a child, as is suggested by her words, "I have given suck and know how tender 'tis to love the babe that milks me". She also challenges his manhood, through words such as, "When you durst do it, then you were a man, and, to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man.", which loosely means, Be a man, and then I will admire you.Macbeth is originally a hero to Scotland, and a strong character. He is a Lord under the rule of King Duncan, and has no reason to feel unhappy with his position. It is only after the prophecies of the Weird Sisters, that he begins to long for the throne of Scotland, and even then needs Lady Macbeth to convince him to commit the murder.Lady Macbeth, on the other hand, begins as pure evil, and remains that way. She has previously been married, and is therefore presumed older and trickier than Macbeth. She appears to always be using him for her own gain, by using her femininity to seduce him into doing the wrong thing, and in this way she persuades him to kill the king.When Macbeth hears the prophesies of his future, he appears to disregard them, but when he is made Thane of Cawdor (as foretold), he already is considering murdering the king: "My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical, shakes so my single state of man that function is smothered in surmise and nothing is but what is not.". It is perhaps for this reason that he writes to Lady Macbeth, as though prompting her for some persuasion for him to kill Duncan, and she later refers to this as his agreement on the murder:"Nor time nor place did then adhere, and yet you would make both"; basically meaning that he was prepared to kill him before, and now he is too weak to go through with it.The breakdown of both characters is revealed through their soliloquies.

Murder Mysteries. :: English Literature

Murder Mysteries. Murder mysteries have a motive to start off the investigation. They also always have detectives, murder, an alibi, victims, weapons, evidence, a twist in the tale, and suspense. Sometimes a little, sometimes a lot. The location and the setting are some of main factors for murder mysteries. If a murder mystery doesn't contain any of these, it cannot be defined as a murder mystery. You could say that these are the backbone to this genre of story. Roald Dahl wrote Lamb to the Slaughter. It was first published in 1954. Lamb to the Slaughter is written in the speech of the time the story was published. In Lamb to the Slaughter the use of present day, modern language automatically gives the impression that it is written in this time of the century. Roald Dahl is more famous for writing children's stories. In his adult stories he always writes about ordinary people who get involved in difficult situations. Lamb to the Slaughter is more prominent as an adult's story. This story is a murder mystery and is one of the two short stories that I am going to investigate. The other short story, which I will be investigating, is The Speckled Band. The Speckled Band was written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and was first published in 1892. The Speckled Band is also written in the speech of the late 19th century. The language of that time seemed to be much more formal, accurate English and much less colloquial language was used. Using a language like this gives the book the atmosphere of that time. It is one of the books from the Sherlock Holmes series. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle established a tradition of detective fiction and modern detective fiction tries to continue this tradition. Sherlock Holmes is one of the most famous and popular detectives in the world. Holmes was similar to a super hero in that time. When Sir Arthur Conan Doyle cancelled the publication of Sherlock Holmes the public was devastated to read about the death of the detective. Men in London wore black armbands as a mark of respect. It got so bad that Sir Arthur Conan Doyle even received death threats so he had to bring him back. Sherlock Holmes was re-born. This just shows how popular, realistic and believable Sherlock Holmes stories really are. The reason Sherlock Holmes stories were so much in demand is because of their enchanting and realistic characteristics and settings. The stories are very descriptive and it gives you a clear picture of what is happening in them and the settings create an entrancing and mysterious atmosphere. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle uses a formula in his

Mesolithic Religions Essay

Prior to this time in human existence people did not practice an organized form of religion. Everything was considered sacred and and there were no gods being worshiped. All this began to change in the Mesolithic time period. A shift in culture is evidenced by the building of the Stone Temple at Urfa. Up until this point in time, humans lived a mostly hunter gather lifestyle. People would have followed the herds of animals and lived off the land as they came to it, moving on once the resources were all used up. With the advent of the Stone Temple signaled a new way of life. With people needing to eat while the temple was being built and later when they came to worship, humans began practicing farming, herding, and hunting. With these new roles humans had a shift in thought from just passing through living on the land to masters of the land with the ability to own it and change it as needed. This new thought led to a shift in religious practices. Mesolithic people now began to see the world from the perspective that mankind had control over prosperity through religious practices. Herders could sacrifice some of the herd to a god to ensure the herd continued to grow. A farmer needing to have a good crop would have sacrificed people, fasted, or engaged in ritualistic sex. Much of this is evidenced by the artifacts that have been uncovered and the stories that have survived from the Mesolithic time. At the site of Urfa wild forms of the first domesticated plants and animals have been found. Inside the ruins animal bones were uncovered suggesting animal sacrifice may have taken place in there. The giant stone pillars have carvings in them one being a woman in a sexual pose that may suggest a room for ritualistic sex. The story of the first family illustrates some of the mentality of the time period. In the story two of the sons, representing farming and herding, gather to sacrifice. The herder sacrifices an animal while the farmer sacrifices some plants. The plants are rejected. Leaving the farmer to find another way to sacrifice which in the story is illustrated by him killing his brother. The third type of person, the hunter, is absent during all this suggesting the hunter still clung to the old ways and may have disapproved of the new religious thought. The hunter may have been the one telling the story, which is why the story has a negative tone.

Vegetarianism

Meat: It Does My Body Good I eat meat; I drink milk; I eat eggs. I don’t eat it at every meal, but I do eat it daily. For the sake of this essay, I will state that I, clearly, am not a vegetarian. Let me begin by explaining the term vegetarian as used in this essay: a vegetarian is a person that does not consume meat. There multiple forms of vegetarianism: ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products; lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs; ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes dairy and eggs but not meat.A vegan is the strictest vegetarian diet and excludes all animal products including eggs, dairy and honey. Some vegetarian diets, however, do include fish or chicken, but not ‘red’ meat. After reading several articles on the pros and cons of being, or not being, a vegetarian, I came upon an article by William T. Jarvis, PH. D entitled â€Å"Why I Am Not A Vegetarian† that encompassed many of my same views. Dr. Jarvis, now retir ed, was a professor of public health and preventive medicine at Lorna Linda University, and founder and president of The National Council Against Health Fraud and he is a Seventh Day Adventist.Seventh Day Adventists are strong believers in vegetarianism, which is one reason why I enjoyed his opposing viewpoint. In the article by Dr. Jarvis, several topics and theories are discussed including his observation on classifying vegetarians in two behavioral categories: pragmatic or ideologic. A pragmatic vegetarian is rational and most often are vegetarian out of health related concerns, but an ideologic vegetarian is one that is more emotionally rooted in the behavior ‘as a matter of principle’ so to speak. It is his views on the pragmatic vegetarian that closely mirror my own. In the article, Dr.Jarvis points out that it is possible to obtain all the essential nutrients needed, except vitamin B-12, by eating a vegetarian diet; however, he also points out that the same can b e said for eating an all meat diet, too. While I understand the need that some have to refrain from eating certain foods for health related issues, I believe that our body needs meat. Also, to me, meat tastes good. The quality of protein from meat exceeds the quality of protein from plants. Meat contains much more protein by mass, and this protein contains all the essential amino acids, in the correct balance.Meat is also rich is Iron which is needed by pregnant women and middle-aged women approaching menopause. Many argue that there are certain health risks of eating meat, especially red meat, but they often tend to be exaggerated. Avoid processed meat and try to eat lean meat as much as possible, and meat can be very healthy in the diet, and does not increase risk of heart disease or cancer, as Dr. Jarvis also pointed out in his article quoting scientific data from nutrition-related research supports vegetarianism only tentatively.Another reason I think eating meat is healthier th an a vegetarian diet is that we, humans, are fully able to digest meat. We have canine teeth, which allow us to chew meat, and enzymes in our stomach and small intestine to digest it. In conclusion, eating meat tends to be an economical option for nutrition overall. While it is possible to get all the nutrients in meat on a vegetarian diet, it is much more difficult, often resulting in the need to obtain various types of grains to ensure that no vitamins, minerals, or amino acids are missing.This can be inconvenient and costly, and difficult to prepare. Meat supplies us with the vitamins we need in everyday life. Although, the other articles I read are opposed to meat eating; they still share the health risks of not eating meat, and that meat does the body good. Work Cited â€Å"Why I Am Not a Vegetarian. † Why I Am Not a Vegetarian. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Sept. 2012. <http://www. quackwatch. org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/vegan. html>.

BioPharma Case Study Essay

BioPharma Case Questions 1. How should BioPharma have used its production network in 2009? Should any of the plants have been idled? What is the annual cost of your proposal, including import duties? This solution was obtained using the tables displayed below. Note that Germany and Japan produced none of the Relax product and that side of their plants has been idled. The annual cost of this solution is: $24.85Total Transportation Cost (millions) $1,268.31Total Production Cost (millions) $195.15Total Tariffs (millions) $1,488,315,983TOTAL COST Highcal Production Plant Latin America Europe Asia w/o Japan Japan Mexico U.S. Brazil 7 0 0 1.23 0 0 Germany 0 15 0 0 0 0 India 0 0 5 3.77 0 0.35 Japan 0 0 0 2 0 0 Mexico 0 0 0 0 3 12.65 U.S. 0 0 0 0 0 5 Total 7 15 5 7 3 18 Relax Production Plant Latin America Europe Asia w/o Japan Japan Mexico U.S. Brazil 7 0 0 2.77 0 0 Germany 0 0 0 0 0 0 India 0 0.65 3 5.23 0 0 Japan 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mexico 0 11.35 0 0 3 0 U.S. 0 0 0 0 0 17 Total 7 12 3 8 3 17 Total Plant Output Plant Total Brazil 18 Germany 15 India 18 Japan 2 Mexico 30 U.S. 22 2. How should Phil structure his global production network? Assume that the past is a reasonable indicator of the future in terms of exchange rates. Phil should note that the Dollar and Peso have been getting killed by the Euro, Real and the Yen the last three years. Over the five year period, the net movement has not been a disaster, and recognition of business cycles would suggest that it would be wise to retain capacity and capabilities throughout the entire supply chain so that production can be diverted as currencies move against each other. 3. Is there any plant for which it may be worth adding a million kilograms of additional capacity at a fixed cost of $3 million per year? It doesn’t appear this improves the solution shown in question 1. The plants that are at capacity in part 1 are Brazil, India, Mexico, and the U.S.; adding a million kilograms of capacity to those plants does not result in a lower overall cost for the entire supply chain. 4. How are your recommendations affected by the reduction of duties? A reduction in duties to 0% across the board results in the following costs: $38.25Total Transportation Cost (millions) $1,325.40Total Production Cost (millions) $0.00Total Tariffs (millions) $1,363,650,824TOTAL COST The solution matrix is far less sparse; virtually every market receives imports from every other market with the exception of Mexico and Asia without Japan. Production increases in Germany and Japan at the expense of India, Mexico, and the U.S. Highcal Production Plant Latin America Europe Asia w/o Japan Japan Mexico U.S. Brazil 1.20 2.28 0.62 1.20 0.00 4.90 Germany 1.52 2.90 1.23 1.52 0.95 2.98 India 1.12 2.50 .83 1.12 0.55 2.58 Japan 0.53 1.91 0.25 0.53 0.00 1.99 Mexico 1.52 2.90 1.23 1.52 0.95 2.98 U.S. 1.12 2.50 0.83 1.12 0.55 2.58 Total 7 15 5 7 3 18 Relax Production Plant Latin America Europe Asia w/o Japan Japan Mexico U.S. Brazil 1.20 1.48 0.00 1.48 0.00 3.65 Germany 1.52 2.46 0.95 1.66 0.95 3.03 India 1.12 2.06 0.55 1.26 0.55 2.63 Japan 0.53 1.47 0.00 0.67 0.00 2.04 Mexico 1.52 2.46 0.95 1.66 0.95 3.03 U.S. 1.12 2.06 0.55 1.26 0.55 2.63 Total 7 12 3 8 3 17 Total Plant Output Plant Total Brazil 18.00 Germany 21.67 India 16.87 Japan 9.93 Mexico 21.67 U.S. 16.87 5. The analysis has assumed that each plant has a100 percent yield (percent output of acceptable quality). How would you modify your analysis to account for yield differences across plants? To adjust for yields less than 100%, the capacity of each plant could be adjusted down by the loss percentage. Another approach would be to leave capacity as stated but adjust the amount shipped down by the scrap percentage. 6. What other factors should be accounted for when making your recommendations? This global supply chain is exposed to a variety of risks as enumerated below. Supply chain decisions should be made after careful assessment of the likelihood of these events and the effectiveness of possible mitigation plans. Disruptions – disasters, war, terrorism, labor disputes Delays – inflexibility or poor yield of supply, insufficient supply Systems – IS breakdown, system integration issues Forecast – inaccurate forecasting Intellectual property – vertical integration and global sourcing Procurement – exchange rate movement, industry-wide capacity issues Receivables – number and financial strength of customers Inventory – rate of obsolescence, holding costs, uncertainty of demand Capacity – cost and flexibility of capacit

How Does Jimmy Change During Fat Boy Swim Essay

Fat boy swim is about a boy who’s life has changed dramatically, from traumas and triumphs. Jimmy used to get bullied, he would cower in the corner and not be able to face the harsh critics. But when he started swimming he discovered a passion with connections to school, family life, appearance and most of all his dreams†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. When Jimmy has a crush, his confidence is boosted and he feels like superman! ‘Up,up and awayyy! ‘ The writer has written the feeling of a superman in an indirect way so we can interpret how much we think Jimmy has changed, depending on our personality. This is a good way with connecting to the auidience. To me this tells me that weightlessness of being ‘superman’ gives him so much confidence to stand up to bullies, and is loseing weight; so it makes him light and ‘free’. Jimmys weight has changed during fat boy swim, he used to fat and obese- â€Å"he only shuffled half a dozen steps† he could barely move as his rolls of fat just got in the way and his wheezyness slowed him down. This makes me feel quite sympathetic for him as he can help his weight but cant be bothered to change. This may be because he feels like there is nothing worth living for, as he hasn’t got a friend- or started swimming. At the end of this book he begins to lose weight and gain confidence. This is shown in chapter 27 as it says ‘He swung through the changing room doors like a gladiator’ The word swung suggests he was ‘bouncing’ through the door which potrays he was very happy. ‘like a gladiator’ also shows he was happy and brave- or confident because gladiators are known to be brave and confident. As gladiators fight a vicious battle and it’s quite an acheivement defeating your opponent, it tells us that Jimmy has achived something really great and he is proud. Jimmys personality has changed a lot during fat boy swim. He used to be very quiet and timid. ‘ he didn’t allow himself to dwell on reasons why things happened’. This shows Jimmy’s laziness and if it was a 1 time thing he would probobally act but as he didn’t it suggests something lke this has happened before. This makes Jimmy feel fed up because if I was him I would wonder why they were doing this to me. At the end of the book he gains confidence which is shown in ‘Jimmy could feel Victor’s Adam’s apple quiver under the preasure of his fingers. ‘ This cleary shows loudness as I don’t think someone quiet would be so defensive. The word quiver says that not just the readers but other characters in the book realise Jimmy’s personality change. This shows Jimmy is being quite mean, but I think it is justified as It tells Victor to back off, and to stop bullying Jimmy because they cant get away with it anymore. This makes me feel quite proud of Jimmy as before he used to put up with it and now he realises it isn’t right. This might make the reader think of their own actions as if they’re experiencing bullying they might take inspiration from Jimmy even if it isn’t the way Jimmy deals with bullies. At home Jimmy is very confused and overwhelmed, not helped by his Aunt , Aunt pol said â€Å"Binging because he is so flipping miserable. The word ‘flipping’ suggests that she is very angry at the fact that Mum is letting Jimmy do that, Aunt pol recognises he is miserable and readers may think that there is more going on between Mum and Aunt Pol†¦.. At the end of this book it becomes clear what is going on and Jimmy becomes louder and more bold. ‘Mums not my Mum’ This is a very short sentence to show how shocking it is and maybe shows how bluntly Jimmy was told. Using the word mum twice makes the reader reflect on how Jimmy was feeling and how lost Jimmy must of felt. It makes me feel a bit happy for him because even though at the moment he feels lost things in the future may become clearer. For example may be able to connect with his family more. I think Jimmy feels quite low, and it’s annoying that his family or school isn’t helping even though it is quite obvious how he’s feeling. For example he stays in his room alot of the time and eats junk food. In chapter 9 where it goes in to great detail about Jimmys binge eating. This chapter is important to the book because it tells us what Jimmy is feeling and what his family is feeling, which helps us to infer and deduce from the next chapters. At the end of the book things become more clear as Jimmy finds out who his real Mum and Dad is. ‘She was holding out a small green notebook. ‘This is very intriging and begins to unravell the true story of this book. I think the notebook is her diary so it tells some secrets, hence the name secrets. This sentece is very short which suggests there is a big secret. It is also at the end of the chapter so it gives the reader an oppotunity to reflect and think about what is going to happen next†¦ If I was Jimmy I would feel worried because the 3 people he thought he knew most well were keeping a big secret from him. I would also feel confused because my aunty had just handed me a small green book without saying anything. In Jimmys swimming pool dream at the beginning it is unknown what this dream could mean. When I first read this chapter instantly thought the shadows at the end of the pool was himself once he knew who he actually was. Once I had had read most of the book I realised the shadowsat the end of the pool wasn’t the person he was going to be but his family and who they were going to be. The swimming part of the dream and not being able to reach the end symbolises to me the journey Jimmy has to go through to find out more about his family. When he is swimming in the dream he comes accross many hurdles this symbolises the hurdles in his life eg. the bullying. This book has a very clever structure as the chapters are split up into groups, like a meal, nibbles, starters, main courses, desserts and bitter sweets. This is clever because Jimmy loves to cook and it connecting more to the main character. The section nibbles tells us that the 2 chapters there are going to give us tiny clues to help us in the rest of the book. As there is only 2 chapters in this section we can infer nothing major is going to happen. The next section is called starters which says to us that its going to start saying a bit more about jimmy. There is 9 chapters in this section which tells us that there is more to Jimmys life then expected†¦. Main courses tells us that the main event which this book is based around is going to happen. As a main course in a meal the most important it tells we need to pay close attention to what is happening. The next group is deserts. As desserts are sweet and sweet is seen as good, it tells us that something good is going to happen and this may be the happiest experienceshe has. I think bitter sweets is the most important section because it tells us something bad may happen but something good will come out of it in the end. I enjoyed reading that section the best because you can compare how Jimmy has changed during the book. The last chapter ‘not the last chapter’ tell us that this may be the last chapter for us but there is loads more adventures and experiences Jimmy will have in the future. I have enjoyed this book alot because it tells you how people change very quicly and makes you aware of how differnt people are. It also explores all the key aspects of Jimmys life, apperarance, personality, family and school. I think I have learnt good inference skills from reading this as to understand the book you need to ‘read between the lines’ .